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Address Directories
ADDRESS DIRECTORIES, reference publications containing information about addresses of people and institutions. The first address book in St. Petersburg Address and Reference Book in Russian, German and French Languages was published in 1809 by G
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Address System (general article)
ADDRESS SYSTEM, the system of giving addresses to city objects and registration of city buildings and citizens. From the beginning of the 18th century, registration of citizens and gathering information about those entering the city was done by the
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Administrative board of the city
ADMINISTRATIVE BOARD OF THE CITY, the executive body of the city government. Instituted in 1873 during the implementation of the City Reform of 1870. It was elected by the City Duma for a term of 4 years (since 1903, for 6 years)
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Amusement Establishments (entry)
AMUSEMENT ESTABLISHMENTS. At the beginning of the 18th century the prototype of amusement establishments were "garden entertainments" with music and dances, were held in the Summer Garden
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Anniversaries of Petersburg (centenary, bicentenary, two hundred fiftieth anniversary, tercentenary)
ANNIVERSARIES OF ST. PETERSBURG. St. Petersburg's first anniversary celebration (the city's centenary) took place in 1803. Celebrations started on the morning of 16 May 1803
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"Aquarium"
"AQUARIUM", an entertainment theatre-garden, set by entrepreneur G.A. Alexandrov (died in 1910), who took a lease on a piece of land at Kamennoostrovsky Avenue in 1886 (on the site of present-day houses Nos
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Artamonov M.I., (1898-1972), archaeologist, director of the Hermitage
ARTAMONOV Mikhail Illarionovich (1898-1972, Leningrad), archaeologist, historian, museum worker, Ph.D (Doctor of Historical Sciences, 1941). Lived in Petrograd from early 1917
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Assemblies
ASSEMBLIES (from French assemblee, gathering), introduced by Peter the Great as a form of higher society, following the European model. The Decree of 26.11.1718, announced by St. Petersburg general chief of police A.M
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Assembly of Nobility
ASSEMBLY OF NOBILITY, St. Petersburg provincial corporate social class organisation of St. Petersburg Province nobility, founded on the basis of the Charter of Nobility dated 21 April 1785; its aim was to ensure class unity and rights of nobility
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Balls
BALLS, evening parties with dances, one of the entertainments of high society in St. Petersburg from the 18th - the early 20th centuries. Balls originated from assemblies, where, according to Tsar Peter the Great's order, minuet, allemande, courante
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Baltic Shipping Company
BALTIC SHIPPING COMPANY (BSC). The history of BSC (5 Mezhevoy Canal) goes back to the foundation of St. Petersburg-Lubeck Shipping Society in 1830; its present-day name was given in 1922. By 1941 BSC had 20 ships
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Bare-knuckle Boxing
BARE-KNUCKLE BOXING, an old Russian popular amusement, grew out of combat technique practised by Old Russian unmounted warriors. Bare-knuckle boxing took place on holidays only, and usually several people took part in it
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Berdyaev N.A. (1874-1948), philosopher
BERDYAEV Nikolay Alexandrovich (1874-1948), philosopher and essayist. He studied at Kiev University in 1894-97 but was expelled and exiled for his involvement in student disturbances. Living in St
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Block Supervisors
BLOCK SUPERVISORS, ranks of executive police who headed police blocks in 1782–1867; they were appointed by the Board of Decency and were subordinated to private police officers
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Board of Decency
BOARD OF DECENCY, the main provincial (before 1871) and city police institution. It was created in 1782 in the course of the reform of police instead of the Main Police Office
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Bogdanov A.I., (the 1690s-1766), Bibliognost, Historian.
BOGDANOV Andrey Ivanovich (the 1690s - 1766, St. Petersburg), first Russian bibliognost, historian of St. Petersburg, linguist. Worked as a master at the Gunpowder Factory in St. Petersburg from the 1710s, and as a printer at the St
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Booth-guards
BOOTH-GUARDS, lowest ranks of city police looking after " decency" and cleanliness of streets entrusted to them at the end of the 18th - mid 19th centuries. They were subordinated to the non-commissioned officer of the block
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Buff, theatre
BUFF, the name of several Petersburg musical theatres (from the Italian: opera buffa is comic opera). The first Theatre-Buff was opened in the garden of the Anichkov Palace (today known as the Recreation Garden) on Nevsky Prospect in 1872
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Cabaret (entry)
CABARET (from the French word cabaret - small restaurant). At the beginning of the 20th century, it was the name for small, literary and artistic restaurants, places for meetings of poets, musicians, actors, artists and other workers of art
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Cabmen
CABMEN, appeared in St. Petersburg in the city's early days (decree of 1705 "On Taxing Cabmen"), at about the same time cab driving grew into a business practised as a rule by peasants. By 1745 there were 3,000 cabmen in St. Petersburg
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Carrousels (merry-go-rounds)
CARROUSELS (MERRY-GO-ROUNDS), 1) popular amusement, device for riding at open-air festivites (also known as a “wheeling machine”). In St. Petersburg they were organised from the early 18th century on
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Casinos (entry)
CASINOS (from Italian casino - house), a kind of gambling-house. In the Russian Empire and USSR gambling-houses and casinos were officially banned. The first legal casinos appeared in St
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Central Duma
CENTRAL DUMA (Central City Duma) is the elected organ of city self-government. It was set up by the Provisional Government after the February revolution of 1917, dealing with the same problems as the previous City Duma
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Central Police Office
CENTRAL POLICE OFFICE, the city administration body of St. Petersburg in the 18th century. It was instituted attached to Petersburg Chief of Police General according to the decree on city police establishment issued on June 7, 1718
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Central Ring Route
CENTRAL RING ROUTE, motor transport system, one of the main lines of St. Petersburg. The creation of Central Ring Route was to eliminate transit freight transport from the city
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Chief of the Police
CHIEF OF THE POLICE, the head of the city police. The post of the chief of the police, as an assistant officer of Chief of the Police General, established in 1766
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Cinizelli's Circus
CINIZELLI'S CIRCUS, the first stationary circus in St. Petersburg. It was founded by the Italian circus actor and entrepreneur G. Cinizelli (1815-1881). In 1869 the circus family of Cinizelli, touring Russia, joined K
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Circus (entry)
CIRCUS. The establishment of circuses in St. Petersburg was preceded by traditional Russian amusements and games where trained animals took part in the fun. In the first years of the city's live bear-baiting (bear comedies) appeared in St
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City Administration (entry)
CITY ADMINISTRATION. The system of City Administration in St. Petersburg from the beginning of the 18th century developed in 2 directions - the city government and self-government (see City self-government). From 1703 the city was governed by A. D
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City Clock
CITY CLOCK. The very first mechanical clock in the city was installed in 1704 in the tower of wooden St. Peter and Paul Cathedral. In 1710, the first striker clock (with chimes) was set up on the belfry of the Church of St
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