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Office of Addresses
OFFICE OF ADDRESSES (from 1839, Address Dispatch Office), was set up in 1809 with the purpose of registration of workers and hired staff coming to St. Petersburg and also with a purpose of preventing people of "inappropriate conduct" from coming to
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Oktyabrskaya Railway
OKTYABRSKAYA RAILWAY runs across Leningrad, Vologda, Moscow, Murmansk, Novgorod, Pskov, and Tver Regions and the Republic of Karelia. The total length of the network is 10.4 thousand km. The company office is located in St
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Omnibus
OMNIBUS (lat. omnibus - for all), a multi-seater horse-powered vehicle, the first public city route of trackless transportation. First omnibuses started operating in the summer of 1830, running from St
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Optical Telegraph
OPTICAL TELEGRAPH, semaphore telegraph, a visual system of message transfer, using conventional signs (semaphore alphabet, light signals, visible at night as well) given within direct visibility. The St
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Oranienbaum, Park Museum
ORANIENBAUM, PARK MUSEUM, state in the town of Lomonosov, was established in 1918 in the territory of the palace and park ensemble of the same name. Oranienbaum was opened to visitors in 1922. The museum got its present-day name in 1993
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Palace for Young Creativity
PALACE FOR YOUNG CREATIVITY (until 1990 - Leningrad City Pioneer Palace, to 1991 - Leningrad City Palace of Youth Creativity) (39 Nevsky Prospect), opened on 12.2
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Panoramas (entry)
PANORAMAS, 1) A genre of fine art. The first panoramic view of St. Petersburg was created by artist A. F. Zubov in 1716. The most famous panoramas include: The Splendid Avenues by artist M. I. Makhaev (1753), Panorama of St. Petersburg by J. A
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Patronage of Art (entry)
PATRONAGE OF ART is disinterested financial and other forms of participation in the culture, science, and assistance to figures of science and culture. The beginning for patronage of art in St
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Pavement
PAVEMENT. In the early 18th century, pedestrian pavements in St. Petersburg developed out of wooden planked roadways. In the mid 18th century, wooden pavements appeared; in the late 18th century came stone pavements made of limestone slabs
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Pavements
PAVEMENTS have been built in St. Petersburg since the early 18th century. The first pavements were made of boards, later various paving materials were applied, including planks, cobblestones, asphalt, woodblocks, granite, metal, road metal (pebbles)
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Pavlovsk Museum Park
PAVLOVSK MUSEUM PARK was formed in 1918 on the palace ensemble grounds in Pavlovsk. It includes the Grand Palace, the Palace Park and the Private Garden, the Temple of Friendship, the Colonnade of Apollo, the Pil Tower, the Pavilion of Three Graces
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Periodicals (entry)
PERIODICALS, a form of mass media. Their history dates back to the early 18th century when newspapers first emerged as purely information leaflets (publishing event reports buy and sell advertisements etc.)
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Peterhof Museum Park
PETERHOF MUSEUM PARK. Called Petrodvorets State Museum Park in 1944-91, the museum was founded in 1918. It included the palace and park ensemble in the town of Peterhof: the Lower Park and the Upper Park with fountains, a system of canals and pools
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Petrograd Labour Commune
PETROGRAD LABOUR COMMUNE, the name of Petrograd Soviet since March of 1918, after the Soviet government had been transferred to Moscow. The functions of the Executive Committee of Petrograd Labour Commune were performed by Commissars' Soviet
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Planetarium
PLANETARIUM, located at 4 Alexandrovsky Park, was opened in 1959. It is supplied with state-of-the-art equipment for solar and stellar observations. The St. Petersburg Observatory contains the largest refracting telescope in the city
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Police
POLICE was created in St. Petersburg at the beginning of the 18th century; it was engaged in all the spheres of city life: construction, fire safety, city finances, public institutions, concert and theatre activities, etc
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Police Blocks
POLICE BLOCKS are administrative police units within the structure of police force. According to the reform of 1782 St. Petersburg was divided into 10 units and 42 police blocks, from 50 up to 100 houses in each
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Police Departments
POLICE DEPARTMENTS, 1) city police territorial units uniting several police stations. In 1798 there were 2 police departments in St. Petersburg, with a boundary on the Neva river
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Police Stations
POLICE STATIONS, administrative police units. They were created in the course of the police reform of1866-67 instead of police blocks. The territory of St. Petersburg was divided into 38 police stations (plus another four suburban units) preserving
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Police Units
POLICE UNITS, the main units of administrative and territorial division of St. Petersburg in the 18th - early 20th centuries. In 1737, at the suggestion of the Commission on Construction in St
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Popular Carnivals
POPULAR CARNIVALS, one of the forms of mass popular entertainment. In the 18th- 19th centuries up to 30 carnivals were arranged in St. Petersburg annually. Representatives of all the estates and even members of the royal family took part in them
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Private Police Officer
PRIVATE POLICE OFFICER, the police position introduced in 1782. Private police officers headed city units, they were subordinated to the Board of Decency and the Chief Policeman
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Prokopovich S. N. (1871-1955), public figure
PROKOPOVICH Sergey Nikolaevich (1871-1955) was a public figure, economist, statistician, a theorist of cooperation, Ph. D. in philosophy from Bern University (1913)
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Provincial Gendarme Administration
PROVINCIAL GENDARME ADMINISTRATION of St. Petersburg, the local organ of gendarmerie. It was formed in 1867, after the abolishment of gendarme districts. The administration was located at 8/15 Ochakovskaya Street
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Public Assistance Board
PUBLIC ASSISTANCE BOARD, administrative body, established in 1775 for the provision of medical, educational and charitable assistance to the population. Public Assistance Board supported public schools (until 1782), orphanages
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Public Halls (entry)
PUBLIC HALLS, a special premise for informal mass events. The first public hall was arranged in banker A.A. Ral's house (On the Moika River Embankment, beside Red Bridge; not preserved)
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Public Lavatory
PUBLIC LAVATORY. Since the early 18th century, primitive latrines were arranged on the territory of gostiny dvors, markets, ports, and along river and canal banks
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Public Safety Volunteer Units
PUBLIC SAFETY VOLUNTEER UNITS, arranged with the purpose of helping militia. Workers' units attached to industrial factories in the period of the Revolution of 1905-07 were a prototype of Public Safety Volunteer Units
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Pushkarev V.A. (1915-2002), art historian, museum worker
PUSHKAREV Vasily Alexeevich (1915-2002), art historian, museum worker, honoured worker of arts of the Russian Federation (1994), honorary member of the Academy of Arts (2002)
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Pushkin Centre
PUSHKIN CENTRE, State Pushkin Theatre Centre in St. Petersburg (41 Fontanka River Embankment), theatre and publishing organisation established in 1992 by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation
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