Возврат на главную страницу Возврат на главную страницу Возврат на главную страницу Возврат на главную страницу Возврат на главную страницу
Simple search
Source
 
 
 
Name
Address
Text
Person
Rubric
alphabet
Categories
Entries / Admiralty

Admiralty


Categories / Architecture/Architectural Monuments/Public Buildings and Edifices

ADMIRALTY, in the 18-19 centuries - a place for the building and repairing of warships, provided with all the necessary equipment (dockyards, ship-ways, slipways, storehouses, workshops, etc.). In St. Petersburg of the 18th to early 19th century the so-called New Admiralty, the Admiralty on Galerny (Galley) Island, the Admiralty and a dockyard in the region of Galernaya Harbour functioned. The best known is the Main Admiralty (today 1 Admiralteisky Avenue) founded on 5 November 1704, on the left bank of the Bolshaya Neva River to the plans of Tsar Peter the Great. The general management of its construction was entrusted to A.D. Menshikov. To protect the Main Admiralty and its dockyards, the Admiralty Fortress was constructed. On the adjacent territory Morskaya ("naval") settlements appeared (hence the names of Bolshaya and Malaya Morskaya Streets), where naval officers lived, and admiralty settlements, where workers and servants were quartered. From the Main Admiralty to New Holland, the Admiralteisky Canal was dug (Konnogvardeisky Boulevard is partially modelled on where it was situated). The building of the Main Admiralty (Admiralteisky House, constructed under the guidance of P.I. Yakovlev) was U-shaped, with its wings embracing the extensive yard open to the Neva. In the yard the Admiralty dockyard was set up. Various workshops, premises for rope, mast, block, sailing and resin craftspeople, storehouses for ropes and rigging were to be arranged in the building of the Main Admiralty. In 1711, in the centre of the main facade a stone tower was erected, crowned with a spire (since 1718 it housed the Admiralty Collegium – an upper body for Naval Administration). In 1721, the Main Admiralty was reconstructed in stone, with the preservation of previous layout and composition, was launched (in 1727-38 the construction work was headed by the architect I.K. Korobov). The height of the tower with the spire reached 72 metres. In 1806-23, there was a full reconstruction of the Main Admiralty to the style of the high Neoclassicism (architect A. D. Zakharov). The grand complex (the length of the main facade is 406 metres, of the side facades - 163 metres) consists of two U-shaped buildings. In the outer building different establishments of the Naval department were quartered, in the inner building various workshops were located. Between the buildings there was a channel opened in the 18th century (filled in by the middle of the 19th century). In the centre of the main facade a tower with a gate, encircled with a colonnade of Ionic pattern and crowned with a cupola and a spire, was erected. The gilded weather vane-"ship", that has become one of the symbols of St. Petersburg, surmounts the spire. On the flanks of the main facade are twelve and six Dorian column porticoes, etched on the side facades. The pavilions facing the Neva are crowned with flagstones. The sculptures were created by V.I. Demut-Malinovsky, F.F. Shchedrin, I.I. Terebenev, S.S. Pimenov and A.A. Anisimov. The front staircase, the staterooms and the library retained the original decor. In 1821-58, in the hall of the Main Admiralty 's western wing St. Isaac's Cathedral functioned temporarily, succeeded by St. Spiridon’s Cathedral of the Naval Department (abolished in 1920). In the 19th - early 20th centuries the Main Admiralty housed the Naval Ministry (Admiralty), Main Naval Staff, Hydrographic Administration and other establishments of Naval Department, Naval Architectural School (since 1925, Dzerzhinsky Naval Engineering Academy, today Naval Engineering Institute). Until 1939, part of the building was occupied by the Naval Museum. During the Siege of 1941-44, the Main Admiralty was extensively damaged (five air bombs and 20 heavy-calibre shells hit it), in 1945-47, reparations were undertaken; in 1952, the restoration of the sculptural decor was completed. In 2001-03, the central tower was restored. The Main Admiralty forms a centre of the St. Petersburg layout; three main city thoroughfares - Nevsky Prospect, Gorokhovaya Street and Voznesensky Avenue converge on its tower. From the Main Admiralty the names of the Admiralteisky Islands, Admiralteiskaya Side, Admiralteisky District, Admiralteisky Avenue and Admiralteiskaya Embankment originate.

References: Пилявский В. И. Главное Адмиралтейство в Ленинграде. Л.; М., 1945; Синявер М. М. Адмиралтейство. М., 1948; Сашонко В. Н. Адмиралтейство. 3-е изд., испр. и доп. Л., 1982.

A. N. Lukirsky, S. V. Boglachev.

Persons
Anisimov Artemy Anisimovich
Demut-Malinovsky Vasily Ivanovich
Korobov Ivan Kuzmich
Menshikov Alexander Danilovich, Gracious Prince
Peter I, Emperor
Pilyavsky Vladimir Ivanovich
Pimenov Stepan Stepanovich
Shchedrin Feodosy Fedorovich
the Terebenevs
Yakovlev Peter Ivanovich
Zakharov Andreyan (Adrian) Dmitrievich

Addresses
Admiralteyskaya Embankment/Saint Petersburg, city
Admiralteysky Ave/Saint Petersburg, city, house 1
Admiralteysky Ave/Saint Petersburg, city
Bolshaya Morskaya St./Saint Petersburg, city
Gorokhovaya St./Saint Petersburg, city
Konnogvardeisky Boulevard/Saint Petersburg, city
Malaya Morskaya St./Saint Petersburg, city
Nevsky prospect/Saint Petersburg, city
Voznesensky Ave/Saint Petersburg, city

Bibliographies
Синявер М. М. Адмиралтейство. М., 1948
Пилявский В. И. Главное Адмиралтейство в Ленинграде. Л.; М., 1945
Сашонко В. Н. Адмиралтейство. 3 изд., испр. и доп. Л., 1982

The subject Index
Admiralty Dockyards
Admiralty
Admiralty
Admiralty Fortress
St. Isaac's Cathedral
Ministry of the Navy
Navy Engineering Institute
Siege of 1941-44

Chronograph
1738
1806
1823


Mentioned in articles (82)

Admiralteiskaya Embankment

ADMIRALTEISKAYA EMBANKMENT, in 1918-44 - Roshalya Embankment in honour of revolutionary S. G. Roshal (1896-1917), lying between Dvortsovy Avenue and Dekabristov Square

Admiralteisky District

ADMIRALTEISKY DISTRICT, (Admiralty) an administrative territorial unit of St. Petersburg (Its territory administration is located at 10 Izmailovsky Avenue), is one of the central districts of the city

Admiralteyskaya Side

ADMIRALTEYSKAYA SIDE, a historical name of the central part of St. Petersburg bound on the north by the Neva river and on the south by the Moika River. Formed in the early 18th century when the General Admiralty

Admiralteysky Islands

ADMIRALTEYSKY ISLANDS, two islands, first and second, situated in the centre of St. Petersburg between the Bolshaya Nevka River and the Moika River. The first Admiralteysky Island is between Lebyazhy Canal and Winter Canal and Second Admiralteysky

Admiralty

ADMIRALTY, in the 18-19 centuries - a place for the building and repairing of warships, provided with all the necessary equipment (dockyards, ship-ways, slipways, storehouses, workshops, etc.). In St

Admiralty Canal

ADMIRALTY CANAL was dug from the eastern ditch of the Amiralty Fortress (today, the Dvortsovy Bridge ramp to the Palace Square) to the Moika River to connect the Admiralty Shipyard with Galerny Dvor (Galley Yard) and warehouses of New Holland

Admiralty Fortress

ADMIRALTY FORTRESS, founded together with the Main Admiralty on 5 November 1704. The design of the fortress was drafted by Tsar Peter the Great under the guidance of Y.V. Bruce

Admiralty Shipyard

ADMIRALTY SHIPYARD, the first ship-building enterprise in St. Petersburg lay down on the left bank of the Bolshaya Neva on 5 November 1704 at the same time as the Admiralty, with chief commandant Y. V. Bruce as the construction manager

Alexandrovsky Garden

ALEXANDROVSKY GARDEN (in 1920-89 - the Maxim Gorky Workers' Garden, in 1989-97 - Admiralty Garden) is situated along the south and the west facades of the Main Admiralty, with an area of 10 hectares. In 1805-06, gardener W

Anniversaries of Petersburg (centenary, bicentenary, two hundred fiftieth anniversary, tercentenary)

ANNIVERSARIES OF ST. PETERSBURG. St. Petersburg's first anniversary celebration (the city's centenary) took place in 1803. Celebrations started on the morning of 16 May 1803

Apraksin F.M., (1661-1728), Admiral

APRAKSIN Fedor Matveevich (1661-1728), Count (1709), General Admiral (1708), statesman and military officer, associate of Tsar Peter the Great. Brother of P.M. Apraksin and Tsarina Marfa, wife of Tsar Fedor Alexeevich

Bazhenov V.I., (1737-1799) architect

BAZHENOV Vasily Ivanovich (1737-1799, St. Petersburg), architect, member of the Academy of Fine Arts (1765), Member of the Russian Academy (1784), the Actual Privy Counsellor (1796). In 1756, he came to St

Bolshaya Neva

BOLSHAYA NEVA, the largest left branch of the the Neva river delta; a continuation of the Neva River below the Dvortsovaya Bridge. The Bolshaya Neva flows into the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland, in the area surrounded by Vasilievsky Island

Bolshaya Okhta, locality

BOLSHAYA OKHTA, a locality in the east of St. Petersburg, on the right bank of the Neva River, surrounded by the Okhta River, Energetikov Avenue and Revolyutsii Freeway

Cafes (entry)

CAFES (from the French cafe, meaning coffeehouse or cafeteria). Establishments where customers were offered coffee, chocolate, pastries, and other food and beverages; most likely appeared in St. Petersburg in the early 19th century

Canals (entry)

CANALS are artificial waterways built from the time of St. Petersburg's founding to drain low and swamp lands and create convenient access to ship construction materials and other cargoes (Peter the Great’s wish to create "a second Venice" another

Canals of Galley Yard

CANALS OF THE GALLEY YARD were dug at the beginning of the 18th century in the western end of Admiralty Island, at the place of the Galley Yard. In 1711 and 1716

Catherine II the Great, Alekseyevna (1729-1796, St. Petersburg), Empress

Catherine II the Great, Alekseyevna (1729-1796, St. Petersburg), Empress from 1761. Nee Sophie Friederike Auguste, Princess von Anhalt-Zerbst . In 1744 she came into Russia being the bride of the Heir Grand Duke Peter Fiodorovich (the future

Chevakinsky S. I. (1713-1783), architect

CHEVAKINSKY Savva Ivanovich (1713-1783), architect, representative of the Baroque. From 1729, studied at the Moscow Preparatory School of the St. Petersburg Naval Academy, in 1732-38 apprenticed in architecture with I.K

City Clock

CITY CLOCK. The very first mechanical clock in the city was installed in 1704 in the tower of wooden St. Peter and Paul Cathedral. In 1710, the first striker clock (with chimes) was set up on the belfry of the Church of St

Cruys К.I. (1657-1727), Admiral

CRUYS Kornely Ivanovich (Kornelius) (1657-1727, St. Petersburg), associate of Emperor Peter the Great, one of the founders of the Russian fleet, Admiral (1721), a Dane

Decorative Monumental Sculpture (entry)

DECORATIVE MONUMENTAL SCULPTURE. The art of monumental sculpture dates back to the time of Peter the Great; its first examples appeared throughout St. Petersburg, at the Summer Garden and various suburb residences

Dekabristov Square

DEKABRISTOV SQUARE (prior to 1925, also called Senatskaya, Petrovskaya), is situated between Admiralteyskaya Embankment and St. Isaac Square. It appeared at the beginning of the 18th century west of the outer bank of Admiralty Fortress;

Electrical Power Supply

ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY. Prototype electrical torches in St. Petersburg were lit in 1873 on Odesskaya Street. Twelve electrical torches designed by P.N. Yablochkov were installed in 1879 for the lighting of Liteiny Bridge

Embankments (entry)

EMBANKMENTS, engineering works built along the waterways of St. Petersburg from the early 18th century in order to stabilise banks and reclaim land. The first wooden embankments appeared in Gorodskoy Island on the left bank of the Neva River between

February Revolution of 1917

FEBRUARY REVOLUTION OF 1917 is the Second Russian Revolution, which dethroned the Monarchy. Decisive events developed in Petrograd. On 23 February (8 March) 1917

Fire Safety

FIRE SAFETY. In the city's early days, all citizens were responsible for St. Petersburg fire safety. Soldiers of the Petersburg Garrison regularly took part in fire-extinguishing exercises

Fires (entry)

FIRES. Especially common in the first years of St. Petersburg's existence. The first large fire happened in 1710 on Troitskaya Square. A prohibition against constructing wooden houses within city limits was issued in 1727

Founding of St. Petersburg

FOUNDING OF ST. PETERSBURG. In May 1703, after the surrender of Nyenschantz, Tsar Peter the Great decided to build a fortress at the mouth of the Neva River on Zayachy Island

Fountains (entry)

FOUNTAINS. The first fountains in St. Petersburg were laid out at the beginning of the 18th century in the Summer Garden. In 1717, the first engine was ordered (engineer Desaguliers) for their water supply and in 1717-1721 Ligovsky Canal was dug

General Plans for the Development of Petersburg-Leningrad

GENERAL PLANS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PETERSBURG-LENINGRAD. One the first projects of St. Petersburg planning dates back to 1709-12. According to it, the city centre should be situated at Kotlin Island and was to be connected to outer parts of the

Gorokhovaya Street

GOROKHOVAYA STREET, runs from Admiralteysky Avenue to Zagorodny Avenue, crossing the Moika River (Krasny Bridge), Griboedova Canal (Kamenny Bridge) and the Fontanka River (Semenovsky Bridge)

Greigh S.K. (1735-1788),Admiral

GREIGH Samuil Karlovich (Samuel) (1735-1788), naval commander, Admiral (1782), honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1783). A Scot, from 1764 served in the Russian army with the rank of captain

Grilles (entry)

GRILLES. St. Petersburg boasts a number of unique metal grilles, created in the course of three centuries. Wrought grilles of bars with (sometimes gilded) decorative figures made from flat iron bars (the grille of the Ekaterininsky (Catherine)

Izhora Plants

IZHORA PLANTS (1 Lenina Avenue, Kolpino), an open joint-stock company, which was founded in 1992. It originated from the Menshikov Izhora Sawmill, built in the early 18th century at the Izhora River

Korobov I.K. (1701-1747), architect

KOROBOV Ivan Kuzmich (1700 or 1701-1747), architect and engineer, a representative of Petrine Baroque. He studied in Holland and Belgium as a retainer of Peter the Great (1718-1727). After he returned to St

Landings, Water (entry)

LANDINGS, WATER. Ship landings were present in St. Petersburg from the first years of its existence. Their location depended on the location and orientation of storage warehouses

Ministry of the Navy

MINISTRY OF THE NAVY, one of the Russian Navy Administration's central public institutions, responsible for naval units and facilities, recruitment, logistics and maintenance, and combat activity

Mokhovaya Street

MOKHOVAYA STREET (until 1826 - Khamovaya Street or Khamovskaya Street), between Tchaikovskogo Street and Belinskogo Street. It was built up in the settlement of weavers ("khamovnik" - hence the first name)

Naval monuments

NAVAL MONUMENTS. St. Petersburg is the cradle of the Russian Navy, which explains the large number of monuments related to the history and eminent naval figures, beginning with its founder Peter the Great. The Boat House in St

Naval Revolutionary Committee

NAVAL REVOLUTIONARY COMMITTEE (NRC), established on 26.10(8.11)1917 in Smolny at the meeting of the delegates of Second All-Russia Congress of Soviets of Fleets and Flotillas

Navy Engineering Institute

NAVY ENGINEERING INSTITUTE (NEI) (The Major Admiralty) originates from the School of Ship Architecture (1798; renamed the Sea Engineering School in 1898-1919). A new Sea Engineering School opened in 1923

Nevsky Prospect

NEVSKY PROSPECT known as Bolshaya Pershpektivnaya Road or Bolshaya Pershpektiva until 1738, Nevskaya Prospektivaya Street or Nevskaya Perspektiva in 1738-1780s, and 25 October Avenue in 1918-44 so named in memory of the October Revolution of 1917

October Revolution (October Armed Revolt) of 1917

OCTOBER REVOLUTION (OCTOBER ARMED REVOLT) of 1917, the name accepted in Soviet historical literature of the events in Petrograd of 24 -26 October (6 -8 November) 1917

Pavement

PAVEMENT. In the early 18th century, pedestrian pavements in St. Petersburg developed out of wooden planked roadways. In the mid 18th century, wooden pavements appeared; in the late 18th century came stone pavements made of limestone slabs

Peter I the Great (1672 - 1725), the Tsar (from 1682), the Emperor (from 1721).

Peter I the Great (1672–1725, SPb), the Tsar (from 1682), the Emperor (from 1721). He was a son of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in the second marriage (to N. К. Naryshkina)

Peter the Great (1672-1725), Emperor

Peter the Great (Peter I) (b. 1672, d. 1725 in St. Petersburg), Tsar (from 1682) and Emperor (from 1721) of Russia, founder of St. Petersburg. Peter was the son of Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich (born from his second marriage) and N. K. Naryshkina

Pimenov S.S. (1784-1833), sculptor

PIMENOV Stepan Stepanovich (1784 - 1833, St. Petersburg), sculptor. Father of N.S. Pimenov. Studied at the Academy of Arts (1795-1803) under M.I. Kozlovsky and I.P. Prokofyev

Postwar Restoration of Architectural Monuments

POSTWAR RESTORATION OF ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS. During the Siege of 1941-44, 187 of 210 buildings registered by the government as architectural monuments suffered from bombardment, suburban palaces-museums (except for Oranienbaum) were ruined

Prisons (entry)

PRISONS. The first prison in St. Petersburg (Convict gaol, or Convict yard, until 1732 under the jurisdiction of the Admiralty) was built in 1706 in the area of present-day Truda square

Restoration Workshops and Organizations

RESTORATION WORKSHOPS AND ORGANIZATIONS. Restoration work in St. Petersburg has developed since the end of the 19th century. The reconstruction of historical and cultural monuments was first considered by the Imperial Archaeological Commission

Russian Navy Archive

RUSSIAN NAVY ARCHIVE, STATE (RSNA) (36 Millionnaya Street) was founded in 1724 for the Admiralty Collegium, and from 1827 it was a part of the Sea Ministry. From August 1917, it was the Central Archive of Fleet and Sea Office

Saltykov V.F. Chief of police General in 1734-42

SALTYKOV Vasily Fedorovich (1675-1751), statesman, general en chef (1741), adjutant-general (1734). He served at Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment. In 1732-42 Petersburg Chief of Police General

Schilling P.L., (1786-1837), physicist and orientalist

SCHILLING Pavel Lvovich (1786-1837, St. Petersburg), an electrical engineer and orientalist, corresponding member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences in Oriental Literature and Antiquities from 1827

Scotti D.B., (1776 -1830), artist

SCOTTI Giovanni Batista (Ivan Karlovich) (1776-1830, St. Petersburg), master of monumental decorative Classical painting. Studied under his father, Karl Scotti, a native of northern Italy, with whom he worked from 1786 until the 19th century

Settlements(entry)

SETTLEMENTS (sloboda), St. Petersburg settlements set on separate territories and featuring homogeneous social structure. The population of a settlement is united by occupation, estate, parentage or religion

Shchedrin F.F. (1751-1825), sculptor

SHCHEDRIN Feodosy Fedorovich (1751, St. Petersburg - 1825), sculptor, brother of S. F. Shchedrin and father of painter Silvester Shchedrin (1791-1830) and architect A. F. Shchedrin. He was N. F

Sokolov P.P., (1764-1835), sculptor

SOKOLOV Pavel Petrovich (1764, St. Petersburg - 1835, at the same place), sculptor. Studied at the Academy of Arts (1770-85) under F.G. Gordeev, received a retainer to study in France (1786-89), and became a member (1813)

St. Isaac's Cathedral

ST. ISAAC'S CATHEDRAL, located at 1 St Isaac's Square, an architectural monument of late Classicism and the largest church in St. Petersburg. The first wooden church, which stood at the approximate location of the Bronze Horseman now

Sukhanov S.X., (1769-1840s), stonecutter, sculptor

SUKHANOV Samson Xenofontovich (1769-1840s, St. Petersburg), stonecutter, sculptor. Moved to St. Petersburg around 1800. Many orders for building were fulfilled by him or under his supervision. His most important works in stone in St

Symbols of St. Petersburg

THE SYMBOLS OF ST. PETERSBURG, works of art associated with St. Petersburg in the mass consciousness. The best known visual symbols include the weathercocks on the steeples of the SS

Telegraph Services

TELEGRAPH. Working in St. Petersburg from 1852, when the first long-distance St. Petersburg - Moscow line was opened (before this, the optical telegraph was used for operational communication)

Terebenev A.I. (1815-1859), sculptor Terebenev I.I. (1780-1815), sculptor

TEREBENEV Family, sculptors, father and son. Ivan Ivanovich Terebenev (1780 - 1815, St. Petersburg). Studied at the Academy of Arts (1785-1800) under M.I. Kozlovsky

Territory of the City (entry)

TERRITORY OF THE CITY. In the 16th century, settlements subordinated to Spassky, Gorodensky, Nikolsky, Izhorsky and Vozdvizhensky Korboselsky churchyards of Great Novgorod existed on the territory of the present-day St. Petersburg

Tramway

TRAMWAY (borrowed into Russian as the word derived from English tram (carriage) and way), a means of city rail transport. Three kinds of tramways are known: horse-drawn (see Horse-tram)

Trezzini D. (1670-1734), architect.

TREZZINI Domenico (circa 1670-1734), Italian of Swiss descent, architect, city-planner, representative of the Petrine Baroque (Peter's the Great epoch). From 1703, lived in Russia

Voznesensky Avenue

VOZNESENSKY AVENUE, translated as Ascension Avenue, between Admiralteisky Avenue and Fontanka River Embankment. It was laid in the early 18th century. It runs towards the tower of the Main Admiralty and crosses St Isaac’s Square

Zakharov A.D. (1761-1811), architect.

ZAKHAROV Andreyan (Adrian) Dmitrievich (1761 - 1811, St. Petersburg), architect, representative of Neoclassicism. In 1767-82, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts under the supervision of Y.M. Felten and A.A















About the project
Partners
Guest book
Rambler's Top100