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Entries
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Kazan Cathedral
Kazan Cathedral
Categories /
Religion. Church/Places of Worship (see also Architecture and Urban Planning)
Categories /
Architecture/Architectural Monuments/Religious Architecture (see also Religion.Church)
KAZAN CATHEDRAL, Our Lady of Kazan Сathedral (2 Kazanskaya Square). A monument of Classical architecture. In 1733-1737, the three sided stone Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary, with a high bell tower, stood on this spot (architect M.G. Zemtsov), to which the Icon of Our Lady of Kazan had been solemnly transferred at end of the 16th century. In 1773, Tsesarevich Pavel Petrovich was married at this church, and many of the Russian Army's victories were celebrated here. At the end of the 18th century, the chapel was granted the status of a cathedral. In 1801-11, the new building, with a bigger cupola, porticos and the semicircular Corinthian colonnade, was erected in its place (architect A.N. Voronikhin). The building cost the treasury 4.7 million roubles. In 1813-1814, trophies captured by the Russian army during the course of the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Campaigns of 1813-1814 were stored there; in 1813, Field Marshal Kutuzov was buried in the chapel on the cathedral's left side, at which time the chapel was seen as a monument to the Patriotic war of 1812. In 1837, monuments to Kutuzov and Barclay de Tolly were erected on the square in front of Kazan Cathedral. Kazan Cathedral features interiors decorated by many leading Russian artists and sculptors, including reliefs on the facade by I.P. Martos, I.P. Prokofyev, F.G. Gordeev; sculptures executed by S.S. Pimenov, I.P. Martos, V.I. Demut-Malinovsky; and images painted by V.K. Shebuev, A.E. Egorov, A.I. Ivanov, and V.L. Borovikovsky. The icon-stand was created by A. Le Blond and F. Cretienne; mouldings were executed by F.T Torricelli and B. Medici; and the Tsar's gates were cast of silver by P. Tenner. A new golden frame, decorated with precious stones, was made for the Icon of Our Lady of Kazan. Finishing-work lasted until 1829, and was headed by architect A.A. Montferrand. In 1834-36, the main icon-stand was decorated with silver taken by Cossacks from the French in 1812 (cast by Z. Gerenne, after sketches by architect K.A. Ton); new icons were painted by artists V.K. Sazonov and F.P. Brullo. At that time, artists F.A. Bruni, P.V. Basin and K.P. Bryullov painted large alter images. In 1865, the outer image of Our Lady of Kazan (painted by artist I.A. Tyurin) was placed at the apse of Kazan Cathedral. In 1921, the "cave" side-chapel was sanctified and dedicated to the St. Hermogen. From 1743 on, the patronal festival day was celebrated on 30 August (according to the old calendar) with a procession of the holy cross going from Kazan Cathedral (later from St. Issac's Cathedral) to the St. Alexander Nevsky Monastery (the longest processions in St. Petersburg); the day of the expulsion of Napoleon's Grand Army from Russia was commemorated with the "Te Deum" on 25 December (7 January according to the Gregorian calendar). On 28 October 1893, P.I. Tchaikovsky's burial service was read at Kazan Cathedral. In 1913-1918, F.N. Ornatsky was the arch priest of Kazan Cathedral. From 1870, a charitable society was connected with the congregation, maintaining a school-orphanage, a free cafeteria, an alms-house, cheap housing, and a dacha (summer residence) for poor children near Sestroretsk. In 1922, all church valuables, including the silver decoration of the icon-stand, were confiscated by the Soviet government. In 1932, Kazan Cathedral was transformed into the History of Religion Museum, and a portion of the decoration was given to state depository; from 1940, the Icon of Our Lady of Kazan was kept at the St. Prince Vladimir Cathedral. In 1950-1956, the interiors were restored; in 1963-68, the facades were restored (the architect A.E. Hessen). In 1991, Kazan Cathedral was given back to the eparchy and became a functioning chapel; in 1998, it was consecrated with full rites; in 2000, it became a cathedral again. Kazansky Island, Kazanskaya Square, Kazansky Bridge and Kazanskaya Street are all named after Kazan Cathedral. References: Антонов В. В., Кобак А. В. Святыни Санкт-Петербурга: Ист.-церков. энцикл. СПб., 1994. Т. 1. С. 83-87; Казанский собор. СПб., 2001. V. V. Antonov.
Persons
Barclay de Tolly Mikhail Bogdanovich, Prince (Mikhael Andreas)
Basin Peter Vasilievich
Borovikovsky Vladimir Lukich
Brullo Fedor Pavlovich
Bruni Fedor (Fidelis) Antonovich
Bryullov Karl Pavlovich
Cretienne Fedor
Demut-Malinovsky Vasily Ivanovich
Egorov Alexey Egorovich
Gerenne Jaques
Gordeev Fedor Gordeevich
Hessen Alexander Ernestovich
Ivanov Andrey Ivanovich
Kutuzov (Golenishchev-Kutuzov) Mikhail Illarionovich, Gracious Prince
Le Blond A.
Martos Ivan Petrovich
Medici Barnaba (Varnava Iosifovich)
Montferrand Auguste Augustovich (Henri Louis Auguste Leger Ricard de)
Napoleon I Bonaparte, Emperor
Ornatsky Filosof Nikolaevich, Protopresbyter
Paul (Pavel) I, Emperor
Pimenov Stepan Stepanovich
Prokofiev Ivan Prokofievich
Sazonov Vasily Kondratievich
Shebuev Vasily Kozmich
Tchaikovsky Peter Ilyich
Tenner Paul
Ton Konstantin Andreevich
Torricelli Fridolino
Tyurin Ivan Alexeevich
Voronikhin Andrey Nikiforovich
Zemtsov Mikhail Grigorievich
Addresses
Kazanskaya Square/Saint Petersburg, city, house 2
Bibliographies
Антонов В. В., Кобак А. В. Святыни Санкт-Петербурга: Ист.-церков. энцикл. СПб., 1994
Казанский собор. СПб., 2001
The subject Index
Neoclassicism
Alexander Nevsky Lavra
St. Isaac's Cathedral
Museum of History of Religion
Cathedral of Prince St. Vladimir
Chronograph
1801
1811
1813
1838
1932
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Balashov A.D., Governor General in 1809-10
Balashov (Balashev) Alexander Dmitrievich (1770-1837, Kronstadt), statesman, Infantry General (1823), Adjunct General (1809). He was brought up in the Corps of Pages, from 1791, he was in military service
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Barclay de Tolli M.B. (1757-1818), military commander, Field Marshal-General
BARCLAY DE TOLLI Mikhail Bogdanovt (Michael Andreas) (1757-1818), prince (1815), military leader and field marshal general (1814). From 1776 served with the Russian Army, took part in wars against Turkey (1787-91) and Sweden (1788-90 and 1808-09)
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Bazhenov V.I., (1737-1799) architect
BAZHENOV Vasily Ivanovich (1737-1799, St. Petersburg), architect, member of the Academy of Fine Arts (1765), Member of the Russian Academy (1784), the Actual Privy Counsellor (1796). In 1756, he came to St
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Borovikovsky V.L. (1757-1825), painter
BOROVIKOVSKY Vladimir Lukich (1757-1825, St. Petersburg), painter. Lived in St. Petersburg from 1788. He was a student of D. G. Levitsky and I. B. Lampi the Elder from 1792. A member of the Academy of Arts from 1795 and an advisor from 1802
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Bryullov K.P. (1799-1852), artist
BRYULLOV Karl Pavlovich (1799, St. Petersburg - 1852), painter. A. P. Bryullov’s brother. He studied under A. I. Ivanov, A. E. Egorov, and V. K. Shebuev in the Academy of Arts in 1809-21
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Cathedral of Prince St. Vladimir
CATHEDRAL OF PRINCE ST. VLADIMIR, (Dobrolyubova Avenue, 26 Blokhina Street), an architectural monument in a transitional style from Baroque to Classicism. The Cathedral is located on the so-called mokrushi, soggy, regularly flooded lowland
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Decorative Monumental Sculpture (entry)
DECORATIVE MONUMENTAL SCULPTURE. The art of monumental sculpture dates back to the time of Peter the Great; its first examples appeared throughout St. Petersburg, at the Summer Garden and various suburb residences
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Demut-Malinovsky V.I., (1779-1846), sculptor
DEMUT-MALINOVSKY Vasily Ivanovich (1779 - 1846, St. Petersburg), sculptor. Studied at the Academy of Arts (1785-1800) under M.I. Kozlovsky, and received a retainer from the Academy of Arts to study in Rome (1803-06)
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Foil Rolling Plant
FOIL ROLLING PLANT (1 Perevoznaya Street), an open joint-stock company from 1992, the only aluminium foil manufacturer in European Russia. It was founded by K. N
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Fountains (entry)
FOUNTAINS. The first fountains in St. Petersburg were laid out at the beginning of the 18th century in the Summer Garden. In 1717, the first engine was ordered (engineer Desaguliers) for their water supply and in 1717-1721 Ligovsky Canal was dug
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Geological location
GEOLOGICAL LOCATION. St. Petersburg along with its outskirts is located on the convergence of two major tectonic structures: the southern Baltic Plate and the Northwest Russiаn Plate of the East European plain
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Gonzaga P. (1751-1831), artist, decorator
GONZAGA. Gonzago Peter Fedorovich (Pietro di Gottardo) (1751-1831, St. Petersburg), theatrical designer, painter, decorator, architect, theorist, honorary free member of Academy of Arts (1794). Studied in Venice and Milan. Came to St
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Gordeev F.G., (1744-1810), sculptor
Gordeev Fedor Gordeevich (1744, Tsarskoe Selo - 1810, St. Petersburg), sculptor. Studied at the Academy of Arts (1759-67) under N.F. Gillet, and received a retainer from the Academy of Arts to study in Paris (1767 - 1769) and in Rome (1769 - 1772)
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Grigory (Chukov) (1870-1955), Metropolitan
GRIGORY (born Nikolay Kirillovich Chukov) (1870-1955), religious figure. After graduating from St. Petersburg Theological Academy in 1895, he took the post of the eparchial superintendent for theological schools of Olonets Eparchy
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Grilles (entry)
GRILLES. St. Petersburg boasts a number of unique metal grilles, created in the course of three centuries. Wrought grilles of bars with (sometimes gilded) decorative figures made from flat iron bars (the grille of the Ekaterininsky (Catherine)
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Kazanskaya Square
AZANSKAYA SQUARE, located at the intersection of Nevsky Prospect and Griboedova Canal. Known as Plekhanova Square from 1923 to 1944. The square appeared in the early 19th century
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Kazanskaya Street
KAZANSKAYA STREET known as First Perevedenskaya Street in the 1740s, Bolshaya Meshchanskaya Street from the 1750s to 1873, and Plekhanova Street in memory of G. V. Plekhanov from 1923 to 1998. The street runs between Nevsky Prospect and Fonarny Lane
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Kazansky Bridge
KAZANSKY BRIDGE (in 1766-1830 Rozhdestvensky Bridge, in 1923-44 Plekhanova Bridge), over Griboedova Canal, on Nevsky Prospect by Kazan Cathedral (hence the name). It was built in 1765-66 (engineer V. I. Nazimov, I. М
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Kazansky Demonstrations
KAZANSKY DEMONSTRATIONS, mass political gatherings on the square in front of Kazan Cathedral on 6 December 1876. The first political demonstration in Russia was held here, organized by the secret society Land and Liberty (Zemlya i Volya)
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Kazansky Island
KAZANSKY ISLAND, an area in the centre of St. Petersburg between the Moika River, Griboedova Canal, and Kryukov Canal. The area is over 120 hectares. It was a part of Pervushin Island that also included Kolomensky Island, Pokrovsky Island
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Kutuzov M.I. (1745-1813), military commander, Field Marshal-General
KUTUZOV (Golenishchev-Kutuzov) Mikhail Illarionovich (1745-1813), Gracious Prince Smolensky (1812), commander, Field-Marshal General (1812). He graduated from Artillery school and Engineering school in St. Petersburg (1759)
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Lvov N.A. (1751-1803), architect
LVOV Nikolay Alexandrovich (1751-1803), architect, poet, engraver, scientist, engineer, privy counsellor, member of the Russian Academy (1783), honorary member of the Academy of Arts (1786). Received a home education
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Martos I.P., (1754-1835), sculptor
MARTOS Ivan Petrovich (1754-1835, St. Petersburg), sculptor, follower of Classicism. Studied at the Academy of Arts (1764-73) under L. Rolland and N.F. Gillet, and received a retainer from the Academy of Arts to study in Italy (1774-1790
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Miracle-Working and Revered Icons (entry)
MIRACLE-WORKING AND REVERED ICONS. The most famous Miracle-Working icon of Our Lady of Kazan — the copy of the 16th century of the lost Miracle-Working icon of the same name, can now be seen in the Kazan Cathedral
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Monuments to the War of 1812-1814
MONUMENTS TO THE WAR OF 1812-1814, memorial constructions in honour of Russia's military victories during the Patriotic War of 1812 and the campaigns of 1813-14 against Emperor Napoleon I concluding with allied troops marching into Paris on 19 March
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Museum of History of Religion
MUSEUM OF HISTORY OF RELIGION (14/5 Pochtamtskaya Street) is the only institution of such kind in the country. The museum dates back to the antireligious exhibition arranged in the halls of the Winter Palace in 1930
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Natural stone
NATURAL STONE. Since the early 18th century, Putilovo slab limestone has been used in construction (quarried by Putilovskaya Mountain near the mouth of the Volkhov River)
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Nevsky Prospect
NEVSKY PROSPECT known as Bolshaya Pershpektivnaya Road or Bolshaya Pershpektiva until 1738, Nevskaya Prospektivaya Street or Nevskaya Perspektiva in 1738-1780s, and 25 October Avenue in 1918-44 so named in memory of the October Revolution of 1917
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New Martyrs (entry)
NEW MARTYRS, representatives of the Orthodox clergy and laity, who died for their faith after the revolution. The title of the Protomartyr of St. Petersburg Eparchy was given to Archpriest Ioann Kochurov, Prior of St
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Orlovsky B.I., (1796-1837), sculptor
ORLOVSKY (real name Smirnov) Boris Ivanovich (1796-1837), sculptor, adherent of Classicism. Born into a family of serfs. From 1809 studied in Moscow under S.P. Campioni, and from 1817 in St. Petersburg under A. Triscorni
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Pahlen von der P.A. governor-general in 1797-1801
Pahlen (v. der Pahlen) Peter Alexeevich (Peter Ludwig) (1745-1826), count (1799), statesman and a military figure, Cavalry General (1798). Since 1760 had been attending military service; took part in the Seven-year war of 1756-63
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Pavements
PAVEMENTS have been built in St. Petersburg since the early 18th century. The first pavements were made of boards, later various paving materials were applied, including planks, cobblestones, asphalt, woodblocks, granite, metal, road metal (pebbles)
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Pavsky G.P. (1787-1863), Archpriest
PAVSKY Gerasim Petrovich (1787, Churchyard of Pava of St. Petersburg province - 1863, St. Petersburg), archpriest, philologist and church historian, Doctor of Theology (1821), member of St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1858)
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Pimenov S.S. (1784-1833), sculptor
PIMENOV Stepan Stepanovich (1784 - 1833, St. Petersburg), sculptor. Father of N.S. Pimenov. Studied at the Academy of Arts (1795-1803) under M.I. Kozlovsky and I.P. Prokofyev
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Prokofiev I.P., (1758-1828), sculptor
PROKOFIEV Ivan Prokofievich (1758 - 1828, St. Petersburg), sculptor and drawer. He studied at the Academy of Arts (1764-79) under N.F. Gillet and F.G. Gordeev. Received a retainer from the Academy of Arts to study in Paris (1779-84)
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Pulkovskoe Freeway
PULKOVSKOE FREEWAY (until 1974, Kievskoe Freeway), from Pobedy Square to the city boundary, forms a continuation of Moskovsky Avenue, goes along the line of Pulkovsky meridian and closes on the dome of the Pulkovo Observatory
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Shchedrin F.F. (1751-1825), sculptor
SHCHEDRIN Feodosy Fedorovich (1751, St. Petersburg - 1825), sculptor, brother of S. F. Shchedrin and father of painter Silvester Shchedrin (1791-1830) and architect A. F. Shchedrin. He was N. F
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Shebuev V.K. (1777-1855), artist
SHEBUEV Vasily Kozmich (1777, Kronstadt - 1855, St. Petersburg, painter. He studied at the Academy of Arts (1782-97) under I.A. Akimov and G.I. Ugryumov. In 1803-07, he was a retainer of the Academy of Arts in Rome. On his return to St
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St. Petersburg Eparchy
ST. PETERSBURG EPARCHY, a territorial and administrative part of the Russian Orthodox Church. By decree of the Empress Elizaveta Petrovna the St. Petersburg Eparchy was separated from the Novgorod Eparchy on 1 September 1742. The bishop of St
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Starov I.E. (1744-1808), architect
STAROV Ivan Egorovich (1745-1808, St. Petersburg), architect, city-planner, one of the founders of Russian Neoclassicism. Resided in St. Petersburg from 1758. Graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts (1762). Apprenticed with architect C
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Stroganov Family
STROGANOV FAMILY, barons (from 1722) and counts (from 1826; some branches had the title of Count from 1761); family originating from notable people of the second half of the 15th century. Several family members were closely associated with St
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Struve P.B. (1870-1944), economist
STRUVE Peter Berngardovich (1870-1944), economist, sociologist, essayist, public figure and politician, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 1917. He graduated from Petersburg University with a major in law in 1895
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Subway
SUBWAY. First subway projects in St. Petersburg date back to the late 19th century. In 1889 the Administrative Committee of the Baltic Railway came up with a project of a subway line connecting Baltiysky and Finlyandsky Railway Stations
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Sukhanov S.X., (1769-1840s), stonecutter, sculptor
SUKHANOV Samson Xenofontovich (1769-1840s, St. Petersburg), stonecutter, sculptor. Moved to St. Petersburg around 1800. Many orders for building were fulfilled by him or under his supervision. His most important works in stone in St
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Tchaikovsky P.I., (1840-1893), composer
TCHAIKOVSKY Peter Ilyich (1840-1893, St. Petersburg), composer, conductor, pedagogue, musical writer. Director of the Moscow branch of the Russian Musical Society (1885), member of the Paris Academy of Fine Arts
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Thomas de Thomon J.-F. (1760-1813), architect
THOMAS DE THOMON Jean Francois (1760-1813, St. Petersburg), architect, graphic artist of French descent, representative of mature Neoclassicism. Studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Paris and Rome (1780s)
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Ton K. A., (1794-1881), architect
TON Konstantin Andreevich (1794 - 1881, St. Petersburg), architect, originator of the Russo-Byzantine style, associate academy member of the Academy of Fine Arts (1830)
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Tozelli А., (?-1826 or 1827), artist
TOZELLI Angelo (? - 1826 or 1827), architect and painter. An emigrant from Italy, he came to St. Petersburg in 1816. While here, he worked as a scene painter for the Imperial Theatres. He was the painter of the unique St
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Ugryumov G. I., (1764-1823), artist
UGRYUMOV Grigory Ivanovich (1764 - 1823, St. Petersburg), painter and teacher. He studied at the Academy of Arts in 1770-85, and taught painting at the same institution from 1791 onwards
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Voronikhin A.N. (1759-1814), architect
VORONIKHIN Andrey Nikiforovich (1759-1814, St. Petersburg), architect, adherent of Neoclassicism. Prior to 1785, a serf of Count A.S. Stroganov. He studied in Moscow (from 1777) under the supervision of V.I. Bazhenov and M.F. Kazakov and in St
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