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Persons / Peter I, Emperor
Mentioned in articles (247)
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Petrogradsky District

PETROGRADSKY DISTRICT, an administrative and territorial unit of St. Petersburg, with its administration located at 19 Bolshaya Monetnaya Street. The district was formed in 1917, and in 1936 the Primorsky District was separated from its territory

Petropol

PETROPOL (from Ancient Greek Petropolis, the city of Peter), the name attached to St. Petersburg and St. Peter and Paul Fortress and used in restricted contexts until the designation St. Petersburg was assigned to the city

Petrovskaya Embankment

PETROVSKAYA EMBANKMENT lying between Troitskaya Square and Petrogradskaya Embankment on the right bank of the Neva River on Petrogradskaya Side. It appeared in what was then the city centre in the 1700s as the first embankment of St. Petersburg

Petrovsky Island

PETROVSKY ISLAND situated between the Malaya Neva River, Malaya Nevka River, and Zhdanovka River separating it from Petrogradsky Island. It is 120 hectares in area, three kilometres long, and 600 metres wide

Physical Education and Sports (entry)

PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS. Russian amateur athletic activities date back to the first yacht club in Russia Nevsky Fleet, founded in 1718 by the order of tsar Peter the Great (see Yacht Clubs). In 1827 a swimming school was opened on the Neva

Piskarevka

PISKAREVKA, an area to the north-east of St. Petersburg, to the north of Marshal Blucher Avenue and to the west of the railway junction line. It remained a neglected ground up to the beginning of the 19th century

Platonov S.F., (1860-1933), historian

PLATONOV Sergey Fedorovich (1860-1933), historian, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1920). He lived in St. Petersburg from 1869. Graduated from the faculty of history and philology of the University of St. Petersburg in 1882

Polytechnical University

POLYTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University situated at 29 Politekhnicheskaya Street. It was founded as the Polytechnical Institute in 1899, named after Peter the Great in 1910-17

Popov А.А. (1821-1898), Admiral

POPOV Andrey Alexandrovich (1821-1898, St. Petersburg), naval architect, Admiral (1891), Adjutant General (1871). Graduated from the Naval Cadet School (1837). In 1837-38 entered service with the Baltic Fleet

Porokhovye

POROKHOVYE, an area in the north-east of St. Petersburg, on the left bank of the Okhta River, between Rzhevka and Malaya Okhta. It encompasses territories of Malinovka and Zhernovka

Pososhkov I.T. (1652-1726), economist

POSOSHKOV Ivan Tikhonovich (1652-1726, St. Petersburg), economist and essayist, self-taught. He plied various trades, before becoming a merchant, then entrepreneur, bought lands, including two yards in St. Petersburg (1716)

Postwar Restoration of Architectural Monuments

POSTWAR RESTORATION OF ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS. During the Siege of 1941-44, 187 of 210 buildings registered by the government as architectural monuments suffered from bombardment, suburban palaces-museums (except for Oranienbaum) were ruined

Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment

PREOBRAZHENSKY LIFE GUARDS REGIMENT, the oldest infantry guards regiment. Founded by Peter I in 1683 in the village of Preobrazhenskoe by Moscow (hence the name), raised to a regiment in 1692, received the title of guards in 1700

Printing Houses (entry)

PRINTING HOUSES. In 1711-21, four printing houses were opened in St. Petersburg by order of Tsar Peter the Great: the St. Petersburg Printing House, the Senate Printing House

Public Education (entry)

PUBLIC EDUCATION. It was Peter the Great who laid the basis for public education in St. Petersburg placing the greatest emphasis on military and professional education with the Naval Academy founded in approximately 1715

Public Lavatory

PUBLIC LAVATORY. Since the early 18th century, primitive latrines were arranged on the territory of gostiny dvors, markets, ports, and along river and canal banks

Publishing (general article)

PUBLISHING. The origin of publishing in St. Petersburg is directly associated with the reforms of Tsar Peter the Great. In 1711 he ordered the establishment of the St. Petersburg Printing House which published various civil books

Publishing houses (entry)

PUBLISHING HOUSES. Publishing in St. Petersburg dates back to 1711, when Tsar Peter the Great ordered the St. Petersburg Printing House to be established. The first printed matter issued in St. Petersburg was Vedomosti newspaper

Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich (1799-1837), poet

PUSHKIN Alexander Sergeevich (1799-1837, St. Petersburg), poet, prose writer, playwright, historian, journalist. Studied at the Imperial Lyceum at Tsarskoe Selo (1811-17; memorial plaque; presently a memorial museum)

Pushkin, town

PUSHKIN, a town and municipal unit situated south of Saint Petersburg. Known until 1918 as Tsarskoe Selo, and in 1918-37 as Detskoe Selo. As of 2002, population totalled approximately 95,000 inhabitants

Radishchev A.N. (1749-1802), writer

RADISHCHEV Alexander Nikolaevich (1749-1802, St. Petersburg), writer, court counsellor (1780). In 1762-66 he was educated in the Page Corps. For the next five years he studied at Leipzig University

Rastrelli B. C. (1675-1744), sculptor

RASTRELLI, Bartolomeo Carlo de (1675-1744), sculptor, architect, carver, representative of the Baroque. Of Italian descent, studied in Florence. From 1698, worked in Rome, from 1700, in Paris. In 1716, he came to St

Reference and Standard Plans (entry)

REFERENCE AND STANDARD PLANS. Used since St. Petersburg's first founding years to erect residential and service buildings. Because of a lack of materials, in the 1700s-10s, most cottages were from plastered bricks or logs

Revised Censuses

REVISED CENSUSES, a census of the taxpayers of Russia (including St. Petersburg) in the 18th to the 1st half of the 19th centuries. The revisions counted the number of peasants, townspeople, but did not include women or non tax-payers

River Passages

RIVER PASSAGES. Ever since the early years of St. Petersburg's existence, river passages were set across the Neva river and its canals to provide communication between the islands, by water means of transport in summer and on the ice in winter

Rowing Clubs

ROWING CLUBS. The rowing activities began in St. Petersburg upon the foundation of Nevsky Flot club by Tsar Peter the Great in 1718. Later the so-called popular rowing was separated from athletic professional rowing

Russian Academy of Sciences

RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, the highest scientific institution in Russia. It was founded in St. Petersburg after Emperor Peter the Great's project for the academy was approved by the Senate on 28 January 1724

Salutes

SALUTES (from lat. salut – greeting), an old manner of greeting (flag salute, artillery salute etc.). Salutes were introduced in the early 18th century by Tsar Peter the Great as a ceremonial ritual at festivities (it was not uncommon that salutes

Sampsonievsky Bolshoy Avenue

SAMPSONIEVSKY BOLSHOY AVENUE, named Samsonievskaya Street in 1739, then B. Samsonievsky Avenue in the early 19th century, receiving its present name in the late 19th century

Schluter A., (1659-1714), architect

SCHLUTER Andreas (1659-1714, St. Petersburg), sculptor, architect, designer. Studied and worked in Berlin, later in Warsaw. In 1713, by invitation of Peter the Great, came to St

Sea Port

SEA PORT, Merchant (located at 5 Mezhevoy Canal) is one of the oldest merchant seaports of Russia, and the biggest operator of cargo traffic in St. Petersburg Sea Port. The first port buildings were laid in St

Semenovsky Life Guards Regiment

SEMENOVSKY LIFE GUARDS REGIMENT, one of the two oldest infantry guards regiments (along with Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment), its history dates back to 1683 (from "poteshny (toy, amusement) regiments" of Tsar Peter the Great)

Senate

SENATE (The Ruling Senate) was the highest state institution of the Russian Empire. It was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 22 February 1711 as the highest organ of legislation, administration and judiciary

Sestroretsk, town

SESTRORETSK, formerly a town; since 1998, a municipal unit, the centre of the Kurortny District, located in the resort area on the Gulf of Finland's northern coast. As of 2001, the population totaled 32,200 inhabitants

Sheremetev Family

SHEREMETEV FAMILY, noble family, known since the 14th century (in 1706, the senior branch of the family was conferred the title of Counts). Several family members are closely connected with St. Petersburg

Sheremetev Palace

Sheremetev Palace (Fountain House) (34 Fontanka River Embankment), monument of Baroque architecture, family residence of the Sheremetev Counts. The lot was granted in 1712, by Tsar Peter the Great to Field Marshall, Count B.P

Shervud L.V., (1871-1954), sculptor

SHERVUD Leonid Vladimirovich (1871-1954, Leningrad), a sculptor, honoured artistic figure of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1946). He studied in Moscow till 1891, under V. A

Shlisselburg Fortress.

SHLISSELBURG FORTRESS (until 1612, named Oreshek, until 1702, Noteborg), an old Russian fortress on Orekhovy Island, at the Neva's headwaters on Lake Ladoga. It was founded by Novgorod residents in 1323

Sklyaev F. M. (1672-1728), shipbuilder

SKLYAEV Fedosey Moiseevich (1672-1728, St. Petersburg), shipbuilder, shipwright (1707), captain commander (1723). Sklyaev learned shipbuilding at Amsterdam's wharfs in 1697, in England in 1698, and in Venice in 1699

SS. Peter and Paul Cathedral

SS. PETER AND PAUL CATHEDRAL (Cathedral of the Apostles Peter and Paul), an architectural monument in the style of the Petrine Baroque. The cathedral was constructed in 1712-33 (by architect D

St. Isaac's Cathedral

ST. ISAAC'S CATHEDRAL, located at 1 St Isaac's Square, an architectural monument of late Classicism and the largest church in St. Petersburg. The first wooden church, which stood at the approximate location of the Bronze Horseman now

St. Peter and Paul fortress

ST. PETER AND PAUL FORTRESS, the historical centre of St. Petersburg, a monument of military engineering, the oldest engineering and architectural sight of the city

St. Petersburg Myth

ST. PETERSBURG MYTH, a cultural term used for to designate the totality of legends and tales connected with the origin of St. Petersburg and the city's image in people's consciousness and art. The St

St. Sampson’s Cathedral

ST SAMPSON’S CATHEDRAL, located at 41 Bolshoy Sampsonievsky Avenue. An architectural monument, one of the oldest churches of St. Petersburg. Constructed in 1728-40 in the Baroque style of Anna Ioannovna on the site of a wooden church

Stephen (Yavorsky), Metropolitan (1658-1722)

STEPHEN (lay name Simeon Ivanovich Yavorsky) (1658-1722), church figure. He studied at Kievo-Mogilyanskaya Collegium and in Higher Catholic schools of Lvov, Lublin, Poznan, and Vilno. In 1689, he took monastic vows under the name of Stefan

Street Lighting (in the city)

STREET LIGHTING. In 1718 Tsar Peter the Great issued a decree on "lighting St. Petersburg city streets". In 1720 the first oil lanterns were installed on the streets (architect J.B. Le Blond); they were lighted from August through April

Strelna

STRELNA, formerly a settlement, a municipal unit within the Petrodvortsovy District since 1997; 19 kilometers southwest of Saint Petersburg, on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, where it meets the Strelka River

Summer Garden

SUMMER GARDEN (Dvortsovaya Embankment), an 18th-19th century landscaping monument. It is the oldest city garden in the central part of St. Petersburg, and is situated on the left bank of Neva, on an island formed by Fontanka River

Summer Palaces (entry)

SUMMER PALACES, St. Petersburg summer imperial residences for the first half of the 18th century. 1) The Summer Palace of Emperor Peter I, an architectural monument of Peter's Baroque, was constructed from 1710-14 (architects D. Trezzini, A

Tatishchev A.D. Chief of Police General in 1745-60

TATISHCHEV Alexey Danilovich (1697-1760, St. Petersburg), statesman, general en shef (1757). Since 1712 he had been in the military service, took part in the Great Northern war of 1700-21, since 1718 a batman of tsar Peter the Great

Territory of the City (entry)

TERRITORY OF THE CITY. In the 16th century, settlements subordinated to Spassky, Gorodensky, Nikolsky, Izhorsky and Vozdvizhensky Korboselsky churchyards of Great Novgorod existed on the territory of the present-day St. Petersburg

Theological schools (entry)

THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS appeared in St. Petersburg in 1714 after Peter the Great's edict to create schools for mathematics at eparch houses and monasteries, in order to prepare priests to become clerics

Thunder-stone

THUNDER-STONE, the name of the granite monolith, that serves as a pedestal to the equestrian statue of Emperor Peter the Great (see Bronze Horseman). It was discovered in 1768 in the forest near Konnaya Lakhta village by a local, S.G

Town Council

TOWN COUNCIL, the organ of city government. In St. Petersburg it was set up in the 1710s by the Tsar Peter the Great as an organ for management of merchants and commerce. It was located in Troitskaya Square

Traktirs (entry)

TRAKTIRS. Taverns, inns, and hotels with restaurants (eating-houses); from the second half of the 19th century, they were much like restaurants, but of a lower rank. In St

Trezzini D. (1670-1734), architect.

TREZZINI Domenico (circa 1670-1734), Italian of Swiss descent, architect, city-planner, representative of the Petrine Baroque (Peter's the Great epoch). From 1703, lived in Russia

Troekurov's Chambers

TROEKUROV'S CHAMBERS (13 Sixth Line of Vasilievsky Island), an architectural monument of Peter's Baroque style. It was constructed in the first third of the 18th century for Peter the Great's stolnik (a Russian courtier inferior in rank to boyar) -

Twelve Collegiums Building

TWELVE COLLEGIUMS BUILDING (7 Universitetskaya Embankment), an example of Baroque architecture, built in 1722-42 (main architect Domenico Trezzini, with the participation of architects G. Trezzini, M.G. Zemtsov and Т

Urban Plantations

URBAN PLANTATIONS, artificially created plantations: gardens, parks, forest parks, yards lawns, and the territory around ponds, squares, streets. The plantations perform the double function of sanitary protection and aesthetic city decoration

Vasileostrovsky District

VASILEOSTROVSKY DISTRICT is an administrative territorial unit of St. Petersburg. (Its territory administration is located at 55 Bolshoy Avenue of Vasilievsky Island) Its present-day borders were formed in 1917 (the western part was a separate

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