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Entries / Anichkov Palace

Anichkov Palace


Categories / Architecture/Architectural Monuments/Palaces

ANICHKOV PALACE (39 Nevsky Prospect), monument of Baroque architecture. Built in 1741-54 (architect M.G. Zemtsov, G.D. Dmitriev, F. Rastrelli) near Anichkov Bridge (hence the name). The front facade faces Fontanka River, from which a canal with a harbour led to the palace. The first owner of the Anichkov Palace was Count A.G. Razumovsky (see Razumovsky Family); in 1776 the palace was given to Prince G.A. Potemkin. In 1778-79, architect I.E. Starov reissued it and reconstructed the facades in Neoclassical style (the northern facade is emphasized by pilasters of composite order). The interior has preserved its Neoclassical decoration. A regular garden (gardener V. Guld) with pavilions, summer houses and statues adjoined the house. From 1751, Anichkov Palace had the Cathedral of the Renewal of the Jerusalem Holy Resurrection Temple (from 1817, St. Alexander Nevsky Church). In 1793, Anichkov Palace was bought by the treasury; architect E.T. Sokolov renovated it as a study of His Imperial Highness. In 1803-06, architect G. Quarenghi had built along Nevsky Prospect so-called Cabinet corps, decorated with Ionic colonnade. In 1809, Emperor Nicholas II presented the Anichkov Palace to his sister Grand Princess Catherine Pavlovna, at the same time architect L.I. Rusca designed the facade apartments, built outbuildings and stables anew. In 1817, Anichkov Palace passed into possession of Grand Prince Nikolay Pavlovich (the future Emperor Nicholas I), and C.I. Rossi, redecorated the building, built garden pavilions (statues - sculptor S.S. Pimenov) and the cast iron fence. Until 1860, the palace belonged to Nicholas I and his spouse; from 1865, it was in possession of Grand Prince Alexander Alexandrovich (future Emperor Alexander III), during whose reign architects E.I. Gibert, I.A. Monighetti and M.E. Messmacher redecorated the interiors in the style of Eclecticism. In 1894-1917, the dowager Empress Maria Fedorovna lived in the palace. In 1918-34, the palace housed the City Museum, and after its reconstruction (1936-37, architect A.I. Gegello and D.L. Krichevsky) it became the Palace of Pioneers (today, Palace of Youth Creativity).

Reference: Аксельрод В. И., Буланкова Л. П. Аничков дворец- легенды и были. СПб., 1996.

S. V. Boglachev.

Persons
Abaza Alexander Aggeevich
Alexander I, Emperor
Alexander III, Emperor
Alexander Nevsky, Duke
Axelrod Vladimir Ilyich
Dmitriev Grigory Dmitrievich
Ekaterina Pavlovna, Grand Princess
Gegello Alexander Ivanovich
Gibert Ernest Ivanovich
Guld William
Krichevsky David (Daniil) Lvovich
Maria Fedorovna, Empress
Messmacher Maximilian Egorovich
Monighetti Ippolito Antonovich
Nicholas I, Emperor
Pimenov Stepan Stepanovich
Potemkin Grigory Alexandrovich, Gracious Prince of Tauride
Quarenghi Giacomo
Rastrelli Francesco de
Razumovsky Alexey Grigorievich, Count
Rossi Carl Ivanovich (Carlo Giovanni)
Rusca Luigi (Aloisy Ivanovich)
Sokolov Egor Timofeevich
Starov Ivan Egorovich
the Razumovskys
Zemtsov Mikhail Grigorievich

Addresses
Nevsky prospect/Saint Petersburg, city
Nevsky prospect/Saint Petersburg, city, house 39

Bibliographies
Аксельрод В. И., Буланкова Л. П. Аничков дворец - легенды и были. СПб., 1996

The subject Index
Palace for Young Creativity

Chronograph
1741
1754
1937


Alexander II , Emperor (1818-1881)

ALEXANDER II (1818-1881, St. Petersburg), Emperor (since 1855). He was a son of Emperor Nicholas I and Empress Alexandra Fedorovna. Tsarevitch (from 1831), General of Infantry (1847), Honorary Member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1826)

Alexander III, Emperor (1845-1894)

ALEXANDER III (1845, St. Petersburg — 1894), Emperor (since 1881). Second son of Emperor Alexander II and Empress Maria Alexandrovna. From 1865, he was heir to the throne and Tsarevitch. He married the Dutch princess, Dagmar (see Maria Fedorovna)

Alexandra Fedorovna, Empress (1798-1860)

ALEXANDRA FEDOROVNA (1798-1860, Tsarskoe Selo), Empress (from 1825). Nee the Prussian Princess Frederika Louise Charlotte Wilhelmina. Wife (from 1817) of Emperor Nicholas I and mother of Emperor Alexander II

Anichkov Bridge

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Balls

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Buff, theatre

BUFF, the name of several Petersburg musical theatres (from the Italian: opera buffa is comic opera). The first Theatre-Buff was opened in the garden of the Anichkov Palace (today known as the Recreation Garden) on Nevsky Prospect in 1872

Catherine Square

CATHERINE SQUARE is situated in the centre of St. Petersburg on Nevsky Prospect. It is surrounded by the architecture ensemble of the Anichkov Palace, Alexandrinsky Theatre, and Russian National Library. The park was laid out in 1820-32 (architect K

Church of Our Lady of Vladimir

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City Museum

CITY MUSEUM, founded in 1918 based on an earlier museum established in 1908 and situated at 55 Sadovaya Street. The City Museum was accommodated in the Anichkov Palace with the Museum of Old Petersburg as its branch located at 35 Fontanka River

Concert Halls (entry)

CONCERT HALLS appeared in St. Petersburg in the late 18th century. Earlier, musicians arranged paid concerts in palaces of grandees, theatres, and taverns. The first documented series of public concerts refers to the concerts given by G

Elizaveta (Elizabeth) Petrovna (1709-1761), Empress

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Fountains (entry)

FOUNTAINS. The first fountains in St. Petersburg were laid out at the beginning of the 18th century in the Summer Garden. In 1717, the first engine was ordered (engineer Desaguliers) for their water supply and in 1717-1721 Ligovsky Canal was dug

Gegello A.I. (1891-1965), architect.

GEGELLO Alexander Ivanovich (1891-1965), architect. Resided in St. Petersburg since 1910. Graduated from the College of Civil Engineers (1920) and from the Academy of Fine Arts, Higher School of Art and Technology (1923)

Grilles (entry)

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His Imperial Majesty's Cabinet

HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY'S CABINET, central state institution. Created in 1704 as Tsar Peter the Great's private cabinet, conducting the personal correspondence of Russian Emperors, managing their personal finances and property

Imperial Residences

IMPERIAL RESIDENCES, palaces, the official abodes of the Emperors, the Imperial Court, recognized by law as such; property of the Treasury and maintained at the expense of the State Treasury House. The place of court ceremonies

Maria Fedorovna (1847-1928), the Empress

MARIA FEDOROVNA (1847-1928), Empress (since 1881). Nee Marie Sophie Frederikke Dagmar, Princess of Denmark. Wife of Emperor Alexander III (from 1866); originally engaged to his elder brother, Tsesarevitch Nicholas Alexandrovich (1843-1865)

Masonic Lodges

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Masquerades

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Messmacher M. E. (1842-1906), architect

MESSMACHER Maximilian Egorovich (1842, St. Petersburg 1906), architect, associate academy member of architecture (1872). Graduated from Peterschule, the School of Painting of the St. Petersburg Society of Artists, in 1867 - the Academy of Fine Arts

Monighetti I.A. (1819-1878), architect

MONIGHETTI Ippolit Antonovich (1819-1878, St. Petersburg), architect, aquarellist, teacher, associate academy member (1847), professor (1858), court architect (1860)

Nappelbaum M.S.(1869-1958), photographer

NAPPELBAUM Misey Solomonovich (1869-1958), photographer. He lived in St. Petersburg from 1910 and created the gallery of the city's public figures: Yury Annenkov, Anna Akhmatova, Alexander Block, Alexander Glazunov, Vsevolod Meyerkhold

Nevsky Prospect

NEVSKY PROSPECT known as Bolshaya Pershpektivnaya Road or Bolshaya Pershpektiva until 1738, Nevskaya Prospektivaya Street or Nevskaya Perspektiva in 1738-1780s, and 25 October Avenue in 1918-44 so named in memory of the October Revolution of 1917

Nicholas I, Emperor (1796-1855)

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Nicholas II, the Emperor (1868-1918)

Nicholas II (1868, Tsarskoe Selo - 1918), Emperor from 1894 to 1917. Son of Emperor Alexander III and Empress Maria Fedorovna. Married Princess of Hesse-Darmstadt, who took the name of Alexandra Fedorovna

Ostrovskogo Square

OSTROVSKOGO SQUARE known as Alexandrinskaya Square before 1923, between Nevsky Prospect and Zodchego Rossi Street. It was renamed after playwright A. N. Ostrovsky (1823-86). The square was designed by architect K. I

Palace for Young Creativity

PALACE FOR YOUNG CREATIVITY (until 1990 - Leningrad City Pioneer Palace, to 1991 - Leningrad City Palace of Youth Creativity) (39 Nevsky Prospect), opened on 12.2

Patersen Benjamin, (1750-1810), Artist

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Plotnikov, М. М. (1901-1992), architect-restorer

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Rachau K.K., (1830-1880), architect

RACHAU Karl Karlovich (1830 - 1880, St. Petersburg), architect, one of the prominent representatives of St. Petersburg Eclectism, master of interiors, accentuating small forms and an architectural scholar

Rossi C.I. (1775-1849), architect

ROSSI Carl Ivanovich (Carlo Giovanni) (1775-1849, St. Petersburg), architect. The son of the court ballerina G. Lepik. Graduated from the Peterschule in St. Petersburg, apprenticed architecture with V

Rusca L.I. (1762-1822), architect

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Shuvalov Family

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Sokolov E.T. (1750-1824), architect.

SOKOLOV Egor Timofeevich (1750, Peterhof 1824, St. Petersburg), architect, constructor, representative of Neoclassicism. Took courses taught by the Chancellery for Urban Planning, worked on the construction site of the palace in Peterhof

Starov I.E. (1744-1808), architect

STAROV Ivan Egorovich (1745-1808, St. Petersburg), architect, city-planner, one of the founders of Russian Neoclassicism. Resided in St. Petersburg from 1758. Graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts (1762). Apprenticed with architect C

The Armory

The Armory is a high red brick gothic style building situated in the Alexander Park. The Armory is a free copy of a pavilion in the Shrubs Hill, England. Architect A.A. Menelas started the construction of the Armory in 1819 and architect A.A

World of Art, Association

WORLD OF ART, an art association. Begun in the mid-1890s by a circle of students, the main body including graduates of K. I. May's Gymnasium, such as Alexander N. Benois, W. F. Nouvel, and D. V. Filosofov, who were later joined by L. S. Bakst, S. P

Zemtsov M.G. (1688-1743), architect.

ZEMTSOV Mikhail Grigoryevich (1688-1743, St. Petersburg), architect, graphic artist, theorist of architecture, representative of the early Baroque. He studied at the Armoury Printing House School in Moscow. He worked in St