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Ermler F.M. (1898-1967), film director
ERMLER Friedrich Markovich (1898-1967, Leningrad), film director, People’s Artist of the USSR (1948). Studied acting at the Leningrad Institute of Screen Arts in 1923-24 and at the Film Academy in 1929-31
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Esenin S.A. (1895-1925), poet
ESENIN Sergey Alexandrovich (1895-1925, Leningrad), poet. Graduated from the Zemskoe (provincial) Fourth-Class School in the village of Konstantinovo (1909) and Second-Class Teachers' College in the village of Spas-Klepiki (1912)
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Estonian Church of St. John the Baptist
ESTONIAN CHURCH OF ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST, located at 54 Dekabristov St., is an architectural monument. The church was erected in 1859-63 (architect K.K. Ziegler, after the project design by G.A
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Euler L., (1707-1783), mathematician
EULER Leonard (1707-83), mathematician, mechanical engineer, and physicist. A native of Switzerland, he studied at Basel University. Invited to the Petersburg Academy of Sciences, where he worked as a scientific assistant from 1726
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European University, St. Petersburg
EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY (3 Gagarinskaya Street) is a non-state institution of post-graduate education in post-graduate programme in the sphere of social sciences and humanities
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Evacuation of 1941-43
EVACUATION OF 1941-43. The relocation of people, equipment and capital from Leningrad during the Siege, conducted according to regulations set by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (of Bolsheviks) and the Soviet of People's
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Exchanges
EXCHANGES, regular wholesale markets where goods or securities are sold are called commodity exchanges and stock exchanges, respectively. The first Russian exchange, which remained the only exchange till the late 18th century
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Faberge Company
FABERGE COMPANY is a jewelry company, founded in 1842 by Gustav Faberge, master of diamond business (1814-94). The Company was located at Bolshaya Morskaya Street; before 1854 at No.11; in 1854-1900 at No.16; and from 1900 – at No
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Famine of 1941-42
FAMINE of 1941-42, one of the most tragic events in the history of St. Petersburg. The famine occurred during the Siege of 1941-44. Leningrad did not have enough food reserves before the war, and had for some time been supplied from outside the city
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February Revolution of 1917
FEBRUARY REVOLUTION OF 1917 is the Second Russian Revolution, which dethroned the Monarchy. Decisive events developed in Petrograd. On 23 February (8 March) 1917
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Fedotov P.A., (1815-1852), artist
FEDOTOV Pavel Andreevich (1815-1852, St. Petersburg), painter and graphic artist, fellow of the Academy of Arts (1848). A graduate from the First Moscow Cadet Corps, he rendered his service at the Finlyandsky Life Guards Regiment in St
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Feodorovsky Settlement (Pushkin Town)
FEODOROVSKY SETTLEMENT, an architectural ensemble of the town of Pushkin, to the north-west from the Alexandrovsky Park. It was constructed in the Neo-Russian style on the initiative of Emperor Nicholas II and encompasses the Court Cathedral of Our
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Field of Mars (Marsovo Pole), ensemble
FIELD OF MARS (in the 18th century Bolshoy Meadow, Poteshnoe Field, Tsaritsyn Meadow, in 1918 -40 – Zhertv Revolyutsii Square), the square in the centre of St. Petersburg. It was named so in honour of Mars, the Roman god of war
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Filonov P.N., (1883-1941), artist
FILONOV Pavel Nikolaevich (1883-1941, Leningrad), painter and graphic artist. From 1896 he was living in St. Petersburg, where he studied painting at the Drawing School of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts (1896-1901), L.E
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Finlyandsky Railway Bridge
FINLYANDSKY RAILWAY BRIDGE, across the Neva River, on Finlyandskaya junction railway line. The bridge was built in 1910-13 (engineers N.A. Belelyubsky, G.G. Krivoshein, I.G. Alexandrov, architect V.P. Apyshkov)
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Finlyandsky Railway Station
FINLYANDSKY RAILWAY STATION (5 Lenina Square), was built in 1870 by architect P.S. Kupinsky. It was a single-story building with a 2-storied pavilion. The side facade with the pavilion for the members of the Imperial Family was accessed via the
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Finns
FINNS, an ethnic community forming a part of the St. Petersburg population. The Finnish language is related to the Finno-Ugrian group of Uralic languages. Their faith is Lutheran
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Fire Safety
FIRE SAFETY. In the city's early days, all citizens were responsible for St. Petersburg fire safety. Soldiers of the Petersburg Garrison regularly took part in fire-extinguishing exercises
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Fire Towers
FIRE TOWERS ('kalancha') are a trivial name for watchtowers, from which special watchmen watched for the inception of fires, beginnings of floods, etc. In St. Petersburg
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Fires (entry)
FIRES. Especially common in the first years of St. Petersburg's existence. The first large fire happened in 1710 on Troitskaya Square. A prohibition against constructing wooden houses within city limits was issued in 1727
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Fireworks
FIREWORKS (in the 18th century - poteshnye ogni, toy-lights). The tradition of lighting firecrackers on holidays in St. Petersburg was introduced by Peter I. Fireworks were usually combined with illumination - luminous scenery (allegories)
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First of March, 1881
FIRST OF MARCH 1881, the day Emperor Alexander II was assassinated, prepared and accomplished by the party People's Will. The plan included exploding the Emperor's carriage on its way to the Mikhailovsky Manege
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Floating Bridges
FLOATING BRIDGES, temporary bridges on floating objects (ferries, pontoons, barges etc.), were used from the early 18th century. The first floating bridge was the one that linked Berezovy and Zayachy islands
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Floods
FLOODS. Raises of water over 160 centimetres above the zero-level of Kronstadt Tide-gauge or over 150 centimetres above the zero water level of the Neva River (the water post is located near the Mining Institute)
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Fontanka, river
FONTANKA (known as Bezymyanny Erik until 1712-14), river, a branch in the Neva river delta, which crosses the central part of the city. The river flows from the Neva on the left, beside the Summer Garden
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Food Ration Norms
FOOD RATION NORMS fixed on 18 July 1941, at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, together with the introduction of ration cards. Sale norms were standardised for bread, grains, pasta, meat and meat products, fish, oil
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Forestry Engineering Academy
FORESTRY ENGINEERING ACADEMY, Kirov St. Petersburg State Forestry Engineering Academy, situated at 5 Institutsky Avenue. It was founded in Tsarskoe Selo in 1803 as the Real Forestry School reorganised into the Forestry Institute in St
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Forts
FORTS. Fortifications in the area of the Gulf of Finland, built with the purpose of guarding approaches by the enemy to the Kronstadt Fortress. The first Kronschlot sea fort was opened in 1704
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Founding of St. Petersburg
FOUNDING OF ST. PETERSBURG. In May 1703, after the surrender of Nyenschantz, Tsar Peter the Great decided to build a fortress at the mouth of the Neva River on Zayachy Island
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Foundry Yard
FOUNDRY YARD (Liteiny Dvor) (Cannon Foundry Yard), one of the first industrial enterprises of St. Petersburg. It was founded in 1711 on the left bank of the Neva River (at the present-day location of Liteiny Bridge)
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