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Commerce (general)
COMMERCE. Favorably located, St. Petersburg has always played a major role in the country’s foreign trade (see Sea Port). The life of the city itself has been mainly supported by home trade, retail trade above all
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Communities of Sisters Of Mercy (common)
COMMUNITIES of Sisters Of Mercy, a charitable women’s organisation for training professional nurses to take care of sick and wounded men. They became an important part of the women’s emancipation movement and appeared in St
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Confessions, Non-Orthodox (entry)
NON ORTHODOX CONFESSIONS, Christian non-Orthodox churches. From the beginning of the 18th century, St. Petersburg was the centre of foreign confessions in Russia. The most numerous community were the Roman Catholics
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Constituent Assembly, All-Russian
ALL-RUSSIAN CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY, a body of representatives established on the basis of universal suffrage in order to form a government and draft a Constitution for Russia
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Contemporary Architecture
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE. A rejection of standard and typical styles used for mass residential blocs from the Soviet period; an attempt to enrich the range of expression
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Cossack Life Guards Regiment
COSSACK LIFE GUARDS REGIMENT, regiment of guards cavalry, recruited from the Don Cossacks. Formed in 1795 out of the Don and Chuguev Court Cossack Companies (set up in 1775) and the Gatchina Cossack Regiment (set up in 1793) as the Hussar Cossack
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Court Ceremonies
COURT CEREMONIES, acts performed by the monarch as part of his responsibilities and duties, accompanied by formal ceremonial spectacles and events. Court ceremonies played an important role in the life of the Imperial Court and were the best (and
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Cuirassier Life Guards His Majesty’s Regiment
CUIRASSIER LIFE GUARDS HIS MAJESTY’S REGIMENT, Cavalry Guards Regiment, raised in 1702 as the Dragoon Prince Grigory Volkonsky’s Regiment, from 1708 Yaroslavsky Dragoon Regiment
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Danko N.Y. (1892-1942), sculptor
DANKO (Danko-Alexeenko) Natalia Yakovlevna (1892-1942), sculptor-ceramist. Living in St. Petersburg from 1908, she studied in workshops of M.L. Dillon and L.V. Shervud. From 1909 she worked in the workshop of sculptor V.V. Kuznetsov
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Dargomyzhsky А.S., (1813-1869), composer
DARGOMYZHSKY Alexander Sergeevich (1813-1869, St. Petersburg), composer. Lived in St. Petersburg from 1817. Educated at home, similarly receiving a musical education. He learned to play the piano under composer and pianist F
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Deaf-Mute School
DEAF-MUTE SCHOOL is one of the oldest deaf-mute pedagogical schools in Russia. It was founded as an experimental institution by Empress Maria Fedorovna (who sponsored it until 1810) in Pavlovsk in 1806
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Decorative Monumental Sculpture (entry)
DECORATIVE MONUMENTAL SCULPTURE. The art of monumental sculpture dates back to the time of Peter the Great; its first examples appeared throughout St. Petersburg, at the Summer Garden and various suburb residences
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Dekabristov Square
DEKABRISTOV SQUARE (prior to 1925, also called Senatskaya, Petrovskaya), is situated between Admiralteyskaya Embankment and St. Isaac Square. It appeared at the beginning of the 18th century west of the outer bank of Admiralty Fortress;
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Demertsov F.I. (1762-1823), arhcitect.
DEMERTSOV Fedor Ivanovich (1762-1823, St. Petersburg), architect, representative of Neoclassicism, State Advisor (1818). Former serf, in 1784 was emancipated. He studied at the School of Fine Arts of Artillery and the Engineering Cadet School in St
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Demidov's Houses
DEMIDOV’S HOUSES (43-45 Bolshaya Morskaya Street), architectural monuments. Two houses situated on these plots were built in the 1740s, and in 1835-40, reconstructed by architect A.A. Montferrand for P.N. Demidov, who was a mine owner
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Deviatogo Yanvarya Children Park
DEVIATOGO YANVARYA CHILDREN PARK (20 Stachek Avenue) is located between Shvetsov Street, Marshal Govorov Street, Tikhomirskaya Street and Stachek Avenue. It consists of 10
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Diplomatic missions (entry)
DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS, foreign governmental organs of external affairs headed by an ambassador of an embassy, a missionary, or a diplomat appointment to a particular mission. In 1709, the Danish missionary came to St
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District Soviets
DISTRICT SOVIETS, organs of state power on the territory of city districts in 1917-93. They appeared in the course of February revolution of 1917 as elected political organizations of workers and soldiers' deputies (17 District Soviets were formed
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Dolgorukov Family
DOLGORUKOV (Dolgoruky), princely family, the Rurik Dinasty, important in the 15th century. Yakov Fedorovich Dolgorukov (1639-1720, St. Petersburg) was a statesman, associate of Peter the Great's, boyar (1697)
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Domestic Chapel (entry)
DOMESTIC CHAPEL, churches in private houses, palaces, state, military and public institutions, academic establishments, prisons etc. The first Domestic chapels emerged in St
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Dormitories
DORMITORIES. A living-quarters system for a large number of people living together, present in St. Petersburg from the first days of the city’s existence. The first builders of the city lived, as a rule, in large groups
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Dostoevskogo Street
DOSTOEVSKOGO STREET, running from Kuznechny Lane to Sotsialisticheskaya Street. In 1739-99, the main part of the street was called Skatertnaya; the length extending from Svechnoy Lane to Ruzovskaya Street bore the name Semenovskaya Street (after the
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Dow George, (1781-1829), artist
DOW George (1781-1829), an English painter, honorary associate of the Academy of Arts from 1820. He studied under T. Lawrence in the Royal Academy of Arts in London from 1796 to 1810. Invited by Emperor Alexander I, he lived in St
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Durnovo P.P. (1835-1919), statesman and public figure
DURNOVO Peter Pavlovich (1835 - 1919, Petrograd), statesman and public figure, Infantry General (1890), Adjutant General (1905). Graduated from the Page Corps in 1853 and the Imperial Military Academy in 1855
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Dutch Reformed Church
DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH, located at 20 Nevsky Prospeсt. A monument of classicist architecture. It was erected in 1831-34 (architect P.P. Jacot). The facade of the church is decorated with a Corinthian portico containing a high relief in the tympanum
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Dvortsovaya Embankment
DVORTSOVAYA EMBANKMENT (Palace Embankment), called Verkhnaya Naberezhnaya Street or First Verkhnaya Embankment beginning in 1738; in the 1740s-90s, it was known as Millionnaya Embankment; from 1923 to 1944 it was called Devyatogo Yanvarya Embankment
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Dvortsovy Bridge
DVORTSOVY BRIDGE (1918-52 Republican Bridge, in honour of the Soviet Republic), across the Bolshaya Neva, joining Dvortsovy Passage with Birzhevaya (Stock Market) Square. Named after the Winter Palace
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Dyagilev S.P., (1872-1929), worker of theatre and arts
DYAGILEV Sergey Pavlovich (1872-1929), theatrical and artistic figure, publisher and critic. He lived in St. Petersbrug from 1890. Graduated from Petersburg University with a major in law in 1896
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"Easter Сake"
EASTER CAKE, located at 235 Obukhovskoy Oborony Avenue, common name for the Holy Trinity Church (after the peculiar shape of the rotunda church with a pyramid belfry), built in 1785-90 in the style of High Classicism by architect N. A. Lvov
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Egyptian Bridge
EGYPTIAN BRIDGE, spanning the Fontanka River, on Lermontovsky Avenue. Built in 1825-26 (engineers V.A. Khristianovich, V.K. Traitteur). A single-span chain bridge with rich architectural mounting in Egyptian style; on the approaches are four cast
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