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Quarenghi G. (1744-1817), architect
QUARENGHI Giacomo (1744-1817), architect, representative of Neoclassicism. Native of Italy. From 1761 (according to the other data sources, from 1763) studied painting and architecture in Rome. At the end of 1779, he came to St
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Quarters (general article)
QUARTERS, buildings for housing and accommodation of large numbers of people (military personnel, workers belonging to specific enterprises, etc.) spacious (accommodating 50-500 men) common sleeping quarters. Workers' quarters were built in St
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Rail Transport Museum
RAIL TRANSPORT MUSEUM, Central Rail Transport Museum of the Railway Ministry of the Russian Federation (50 Sadovaya Street), Russia's first technology history museum and one of the world's oldest rail transport museums
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Rasputin G. E. (1869-1916)
RASPUTIN Grigory Efimovich (1869-1916, Petrograd), religious preacher from a Siberian peasant family, spiritual tutor and close friend of the family of Emperor Nicholas II. In his religious views he was close to the so-called Khlysts
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Ration Cards
RATION CARDS. Documents allowing the regular receipt of a certain amount of food from the State Trading Network at a fixed price under conditions of famine or drastic food shortages
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Rauchfus Children’s Hospital
RAUCHFUS CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL (before 1918 Prince Oldenburg's Children’s Hospital) (8 Ligovsky Avenue), was built in 1869 (architect A.K. Cavos) on the initiative of the Prince P.G. Oldenburg (hence the hospital's original name) and paediatrician K
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Razumovsky Family
RAZUMOVSKY FAMILY, nobles and counts (from 1744) of Malorussian origin, known from the second half of the 17th century, rising to fame in the mid-18th century. Alexey Grigorievich Razumovsky (1709-71, St
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Razumovsky Palace
RAZUMOVSKY PALACE (48 Moika River Embankment), an architectural monument. It was constructed for Count K.G. Razumovsky (see Razumovsky Family) in 1762-66. Stylistically it merges from the Baroque to the Neoclassical (architects A.F. Kokorinov, J.B
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Red Guards
RED GUARDS, the main organization of the working class' armed forces in Petrograd at the time of the 1917 Revolution and the first period of the Civil War. The first Red Guards detachments were created in Petrograd factories after the February
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Regimental Holidays
REGIMENTAL HOLIDAYS, in pre-revolutionary Russia holidays of military units, celebrated on the patron saint's day of the church of a military unit (see Military Chapels) or (in rare cases) on the anniversary day of its foundation
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Repin I.E., (1844-1930), Artist
REPIN Ilya Efimovich (1844-1930) was an artist, graphic artist and teacher. He lived in St. Petersburg from 1863. He studied at the School of Drawing at the Artists Encouragement Fund in 1863 under I. N
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Restaurants (entry)
RESTAURANTS, appeared in St. Petersburg in the early 19th century. The first "auberge," also called a tavern (see Traktirs), was located at the Hotel du Nord on Ofitserskaya Street, and was considered a "restaurant" in 1805
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Restoration Workshops and Organizations
RESTORATION WORKSHOPS AND ORGANIZATIONS. Restoration work in St. Petersburg has developed since the end of the 19th century. The reconstruction of historical and cultural monuments was first considered by the Imperial Archaeological Commission
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Revolution of 1905-07
REVOLUTION OF 1905-07. The first people's bourgeois-democratic revolution in Russia. Caused by socioeconomic contradictions and the country's political development following the reforms of 1860s-70s
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Rizhsky Avenue
RIZHSKY AVENUE, between Lermontovsky Avenue and the Ekateringofka River. Since 1776, it was known as Izmailovskaya Street (after Izmailovsky Life Guard Regiment quartered nearby), Izmailovsky Avenue and Novoizmailovsky Avenue, St
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Road of Life
ROAD OF LIFE, the only transport communication line linking Leningrad to the rest of the country during the Siege of 1941-44. Organized in September 1941, the road passed from Leningrad, through Vsevolozhsk
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Rochefort K.N. de (1875-1961), architect
Rochefort Konstanin Nikolaevich de (1875, St. Petersburg - 1961). Count, engineer and architect. Son of N.I. de Rochefort. Graduated from the Civil Engineers Institute (1900); served as an architect for the city administration
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Rossi C.I. (1775-1849), architect
ROSSI Carl Ivanovich (Carlo Giovanni) (1775-1849, St. Petersburg), architect. The son of the court ballerina G. Lepik. Graduated from the Peterschule in St. Petersburg, apprenticed architecture with V
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Rostral Columns
ROSTRAL COLUMNS, columns with decorative rostrums (with ship bows). The first two rostrum columns, Chesmenskaya and Moreiskaya, were built in the 1770s at Tsarskoe Selo (near Pushkin) in memory of the victories of the Russian fleet (see Russian
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Rowing Clubs
ROWING CLUBS. The rowing activities began in St. Petersburg upon the foundation of Nevsky Flot club by Tsar Peter the Great in 1718. Later the so-called popular rowing was separated from athletic professional rowing
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Rumyantsevsky Obelisk
RUMYANTSEVSKY OBELISK was erected by the order of Emperor Pavel I to commemorate the victories of Field Marshal General, Count P.A. Rumyantsev-Zadunaysky (see the Rumyantsevs) in the Russo-Turkish War of 1787-91
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Russian Academy of Sciences
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, the highest scientific institution in Russia. It was founded in St. Petersburg after Emperor Peter the Great's project for the academy was approved by the Senate on 28 January 1724
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Russian Museum, State
RUSSIAN MUSEUM, State was founded on 13 April 1895 by the decree of Emperor Nicholas II as the Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III with the purpose of gathering the collections of Russian art
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Salons, Circles and Literary Gatherings (Entry)
SALONS, CIRCLES AND LITERARY GATHERINGS. During the 18th century regular gatherings of writers were uncommon, but those that there were portrayed different stylistic and philosophic positions
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Samizdat (Underground Press) (Entry)
SAMIZDAT included literary and artistic, publicistic, philosophical, religious compositions etc. which could not be published in the official press for ideological reasons and were distributed without sanction or control from the state
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Samsonovsky Canal
SAMSONOVSKY CANAL (Samsonovsky Pipeline), an artificial hydraulic construction, a part of the water supply system of Peterhof fountains and ponds. It starts from Bolshoy Krugly Pond of Meadow (Lake) Park and ends in Colonists Park by Olgin Pond
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San Galli F. K. (1824-1908), entrepreneur
SAN GALLI Franz Karlovich (Franz Friedrich Wilhelm) (1824-1908, St. Petersburg), entrepreneur and public figure, Actual Civil Counsellor (1889), and honorary process engineer (1888). Native of Germany, he graduated from a gymnasium in Stettin
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Schliemann H., (1822-1890), Archaeologist
SCHLIEMANN Heinrich (1822-1890), German and Russian businessman and amateur archaeologist. In January 1846, he arrived in St. Petersburg as a representative of a Dutch company
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Schmidt K.K., (1866-1945), architect
SCHMIDT Karl Karlovich (1866 - 1945, St. Petersburg), architect, associate academy member of architecture (1906). Graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts (1893). From 1896 worked in the Ministry of Justice. Built the brick-style mansion of V.V
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Second-Hand Book Trade (entry)
SECOND-HAND BOOK TRADE or bouquiniste trade (from the French word bouquin - an old book). From the time of the opening of the book trade in St. Petersburg at the beginning of the 18th century
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