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Levitsky S.L. (1819-1898), photographer
LEVITSKY Sergey Lvovich (1819-98, St. Petersburg) is one of the founders of photography in Russia. In 1840s he studied the basics of photography in Paris. In 1849
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Lieutenant Schmidt Bridge
LIEUTENANT SCHMIDT BRIDGE (in 1850-55 Blagoveshchensky, in 1855-1918 Nikolaevsky, in memory of Emperor Nicholas I). It was the first permanent bridge built over the Bolshaya Neva River, linking Truda Square (formerly Blagoveshchenskaya
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Lishnevsky A.L., (1868-1942), architect
LISHNEVSKY Alexander Lvovich (1868-1942), architect, a noted Art Nouveau and Neoclassical artist. He graduated from the Academy of Arts in 1892, and worked in the Ukraine for some time. From 1901, he lived in St. Petersburg
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Liteiny Avenue
LITEINY AVENUE [in 1918-44 - Volodarskogo Avenue, after revolutionary V. Volodarsky (1891-1918)], between Liteiny Bridge and Nevsky Prospect. In 1711, a foundry was founded at the beginning of future Liteiny Avenue; later, houses of craftsmen
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Lobanov-Rostovsky, House of
LOBANOV-ROSTOVSKY, HOUSE OF (12 Admiralteisky Avenue), an architectural monument of high classicism. An early work of the architect A.A. Montferrand, it was constructed in 1817-1820 for Prince A.Y. Lobanov-Rostovsky
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Lower Park (Petrodvorets)
LOWER PARK forms the main part of the Peterhof Palace and Park Ensemble, located on an area adjacent to the Gulf of Finland which is actually lower than sea level, hence its name. The total area of the park is 102
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Lvov А.F. (1798-1870), composer
LVOV Alexey Fedorovich (1798-1870), military engineer, violinist, composer, conductor, and musician, major general (1843), privy counsellor (1853), and senator (1855). He was a son of F. P
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Lyceum
LYCEUM, Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum renamed Alexandrovsky Lyceum in 1843, a privileged higher education institution providing training for state officials. It was founded in 1810 and opened on 19 October 1811
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Main Architecture Planning Office
MAIN ARCHITECTURE PLANNING OFFICE of Leningrad city council executive committee (2 Lomonosova Square), the chief organization of the city administration on architectural, construction, urban planning issues, and the development of St
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Makarova Embankment
MAKAROVA EMBANKMENT (until 1887 - Malaya Neva River Embankment, until 1952 - Tuchkova Embankment), between Birzhevaya Square and Smolenka River Embankment, on Vasilievsky Island, on the left bank of the Malaya Neva. The embankment was named after S
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Makovsky K.E. (1839-1915), artist
MAKOVSKY Konstantin Egorovich (1839-1915, Petrograd), painter, V. E. Makovsky's brother. Studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1851-58) under S. K. Zaryanko, completing his studies at the Academy of Arts (1858-62)
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Malaya Nevka
MALAYA NEVKA, a branch of the Neva river delta, which splits off from the Bolshaya Nevka near the Spit of Kamenny Island. The river flows into the Neva Bay between Krestovsky Island and Petrovsky Island, converging with the Malaya Neva
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Mandelstam O.E. (1891-1938), poet
MANDELSTAM Osip Emilievich (1891-1938), poet. The family of Mandelstam came to St. Petersburg in 1897 (before that, from 1894 lived in Pavlovsk of St. Petersburg Province); some addresses are 17 Ofitserskaya Street (today Dekabristov Street)
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Maneges (general article)
MANEGES, or riding-schools, (exerzirehaus), buildings with a large interior space, intended for troop drill exercises and cavalry dressage in fall and winter. Maneges were built in St
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Manezhnaya Square
MANEZHNAYA SQUARE, at the intersection of Italyanskaya Street and Karavannaya Street. It was named in 1866 after the building of Mikhailovsky Manege (1798-1800, architect V.F. Brenna; 1823-24, architect C.I. Rossi )
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Manors and Dachas (entry)
MANORS AND DACHAS. Within the precincts of modern St. Petersburg a number of the 18th -19th centuries manors and dachas (summer residences) have been preserved, also there are some fragments of manors on Petergofskaya (Peterhof) road
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Maps and Atlases (entry)
MAPS AND ATLASES. The first known Russian hand-written picture of the Neva River mouth and the territory adjoining the Gulf of Finland dates back to the late 17th century
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Marble Palace
MARBLE PALACE (1/5 Millionnaya Street), an architectural monument of early Neoclassicism. It was constructed in 1768-1785 (architect A. Rinaldi) for Count G.G. Orlov, a favourite of Empress Catherine II
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Mariinsky Theatre
MARIINSKY THEATRE, State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre (1 Teatralnaya Square), which takes its origin from the Russian court company established in 1783 "not only for comedies and tragedies, but for operas also"
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Markets (general)
MARKETS. Markets, especially food markets, were very popular in Russia as early as before the time of Peter the Great. The first market appeared in St. Petersburg in 1705 on Troitskaya Square with hundreds of stalls, but no windows or ovens
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Martos I.P., (1754-1835), sculptor
MARTOS Ivan Petrovich (1754-1835, St. Petersburg), sculptor, follower of Classicism. Studied at the Academy of Arts (1764-73) under L. Rolland and N.F. Gillet, and received a retainer from the Academy of Arts to study in Italy (1774-1790
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Masquerades
MASQUERADES, masquerade balls. A sort of a carnival where people wear masks. In Russia masquerades were put into practice by Tsar Peter the Great in the early 18th century (the larks of Drunkumenical Council
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Matveev A.T., (1878-1960), sculptor
MATVEEV Alexander Terentievich (1878-1960), sculptor, honoured Worker of Art of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1931), doctor of art criticism (1939)
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Mayakovsky Library, central, municipal
MAYAKOVSKY LIBRARY, central, municipal, public (44 Fontanka Embankment), dates back to the athenaeum, founded in 1868 by A.A. Cherkesov. In 1919, it was reorganised into the Central Municipal Library
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Mayakovsky V.V. (1893-1930), poet
MAYAKOVSKY Vladimir Vladimirovich (1893-1930), poet. Studied at Kutais Gymnasium and in the Moscow School for Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. He visited St
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Medal, In Commemoration of the 250th Anniversary of Leningrad
IN COMMEMORATION of the 250th ANNIVERSARY of LENINGRAD, a state award of the USSR. Instituted according to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR's Decree of 16 May 1957, and awarded to the recipients of the Defence of Leningrad medal
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Mendeleev D.I., (1834-1907), chemist
MENDELEEV Dmitry Ivanovich (1834-1907, St. Petersburg), chemist, teacher and public figure, Associate of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1876). Graduated from the Main Pedagogical Institute of St. Petersburg in 1855
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Merchants
MERCHANTS, a social group forming a part of the St. Petersburg population, individuals engaged in trade and industrial activities. In the first half of the 18th century merchants came in among the "planted people
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Metochions (entry)
METOCHIONS of monasteries and eparchies of the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1715, by order of Tsar Peter the Great, the metochions of St. Sergius Trinity Monastery (from 1744
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Mickiewicz A. (1798-1855), poet
MICKIEWICZ Adam (1798-1855), Polish poet. Graduated from Philological Department of University of Vilnius (1819). He came to St. Petersburg on 7 November 1824, the day after the famous flood
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