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Euler L., (1707-1783), mathematician

EULER Leonard (1707-83), mathematician, mechanical engineer, and physicist. A native of Switzerland, he studied at Basel University. Invited to the Petersburg Academy of Sciences, where he worked as a scientific assistant from 1726

Evacuation of 1941-43

EVACUATION OF 1941-43. The relocation of people, equipment and capital from Leningrad during the Siege, conducted according to regulations set by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (of Bolsheviks) and the Soviet of People's

Evdokimov S.I. (1911-1972), architect.

EVDOKIMOV Sergey Ivanovich (1911, St. Peterburg - 1972, Leningrad), architect, architect emeritus of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1970). He graduated from the Leningrad College of Engineering and Urban Planning (1934)

Evenings of Contemporary Music, musical society

EVENINGS OF CONTEMPORARY MUSIC, musical society, existed between 1901 and 1912, aimed to perform and popularise European and Russian chamber music from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries

Evreinov N.N., (1879-1953), director

EVREINOV Nikolay Nikolaevich (1879-1953), playwright, director, theorist, theatre historian. Lived in St. Petersburg in 1892-1925. Graduated from the School of Law (1901), mastered composition under N.A

Exchange Committee

EXCHANGE COMMITTEE, a permanent body of the Exchange Society and one of the first representative bodies of the bourgeoisie. Founded under the auspices of St. Petersburg Exchange in 1816

Exchanges

EXCHANGES, regular wholesale markets where goods or securities are sold are called commodity exchanges and stock exchanges, respectively. The first Russian exchange, which remained the only exchange till the late 18th century

Extirpation Battalions

EXTIRPATION BATTALIONS, volunteer force units (from 50 to 300 people) organised by the People's Commissariat of Home Affairs (NKVD) of the USSR. The units were established during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45 to provide internal security

Ezhemesyachnye Sochineniya, k polze i uveseleniyu sluzhashchie, (Monthly Entertainment for benefit a

EZHEMESYACHNYE SOCHINENIYA, k polze i uveseleniyu sluzhashchie, (Monthly Entertainment for benefit and amusement) Russia's first monthly popular scientific and literary journal, published by the Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1755-64

Faberge Company

FABERGE COMPANY is a jewelry company, founded in 1842 by Gustav Faberge, master of diamond business (1814-94). The Company was located at Bolshaya Morskaya Street; before 1854 at No.11; in 1854-1900 at No.16; and from 1900 – at No

Factories and Plants' Committees

FACTORIES AND PLANTS' COMMITTEES, elected bodies of workers and employees' for self management. Emerged after the February Revolution of 1917, in contrast to trade unions

Factories of Musical Instruments

FACTORIES OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. The musical instruments industry sprang up in St. Petersburg in the early 18th century and there were as many as 17 factories of musical instruments in the early 20th century

Factory of Eccentricity

FACTORY OF ECCENTRICITY (FEKS), the creative association, existed in Petrograd (Leningrad) in 1922-26. The aesthetic programme of the Factory of Eccentricity stood close to the ideas of the Leftist Arts Front and V. E. Meyerhold’s and V. V

Falconet E. M., (1716-1791), sculptor

FALCONET Etienne Maurice (1716-1791), sculptor. He studied sculpture under J. B. Le Moin in Paris in 1734-44. He was the director of the Sevres Porcelain Factory in 1757-66

Famine of 1941-42

FAMINE of 1941-42, one of the most tragic events in the history of St. Petersburg. The famine occurred during the Siege of 1941-44. Leningrad did not have enough food reserves before the war, and had for some time been supplied from outside the city

Famintsyn A.S., (1835-1918), botanist

FAMINTSYN Andrey Sergeevich (1835-1918), plant physiologist, member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1884) and the Russian Academy of Sciences (1917). In 1857 he graduated from the University of St

Farmakon Factory

FARMAKON (18 Tsvetochnaya Street) is an open joint-stock company (from 1992), the largest producer of pharmaceuticals in the region. It was established in 1907 as a factory of pharmaceutical and chemical products, Farmakon joint-stock company

Favorsky А.Е., (1860-1945), chemist

FAVORSKY Alexey Evgrafovich (1860-1945), chemist, member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1929), Hero of Socialist Labour (1945). He graduated from the department of natural science of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of St

February Revolution of 1917

FEBRUARY REVOLUTION OF 1917 is the Second Russian Revolution, which dethroned the Monarchy. Decisive events developed in Petrograd. On 23 February (8 March) 1917

Fedin K.A. (1892-1977), writer

FEDIN Konstantin Alexandrovich (1892-1977), writer, fellow of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1958), hero of Socialist Labour (1967). He studied at Moscow Commercial Institute (1911-14, without receiving a degree)

Fedorov S. P., (1869-1936), surgeon-urologist

FEDOROV Sergey Petrovich (1869-1936, Leningrad), surgeon-urologist, Doctor of Medicine (1895), court surgeon (1913). Fedorov graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of Moscow University (1881)

Fedorov V.G. (1874-1966), constructor

FEDOROV Vladimir Grigoryevich (1874, St. Petersburg - 1966), constructor of small arms, professor (1940), Lieutenant General (1943), and Hero of Labour (1928). Graduated from Mikhailovsky Artillery College (1895) and the Mikhailovsky Artillery

Fedosov V.I. (1941-1990), cinematographer

FEDOSOV Valery Ivanovich (1941-1990, Leningrad), cinematographer. He graduated from the All-Russian State Institute of Cinematography and started working at Lenfilm Studio in 1963. He produced his best performance in A. Y

Fedotov G.P. (1886-1951), religious thinker and historian

FEDOTOV Georgy Petrovich (1886-1951), religious thinker, historian, and essayist. He came to St. Petersburg in 1904 to enter the Technological Institute and join the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party

Fedotov P.A., (1815-1852), artist

FEDOTOV Pavel Andreevich (1815-1852, St. Petersburg), painter and graphic artist, fellow of the Academy of Arts (1848). A graduate from the First Moscow Cadet Corps, he rendered his service at the Finlyandsky Life Guards Regiment in St

Fedyuninsky I.I. (1900-1977), military commander, general

FEDYUNINSKY Ivan Ivanovich (1900-1977), Soviet military commander, General (1955), Hero of the Soviet Union (1939). From 1919 served in the Red Army. Participated in the Civil War

Felten Y. M. (1730-1801), architect

FELTEN Yury Matveevich (Georg Friedrich) (1730 -1801, St. Petersburg), architect, professor of the Academy of Fine Arts (from 1775; from 1785 a Council member, in 1789-94 director), State Counsellor (1784)

Feodor Cathedral

FEODOR CATHEDRAL, the Cathedral of the Icon of Our Lady Feodorovskaya, located at 1b Tovarny Lane. The cathedral in the style of the 17th century churches of Rostov Veliky (civil engineer S. S

Feofan (Feofan Prokopovich (1681-1736), statesman and church figure, writer

FEOFAN/THEOPHAN (lay name Eleazar Prokopovich) (1681-1736, St. Petersburg), church figure. He studied at Kiev Theological Academy (until 1698), then at colleges of Vladimir-Volynsky

Fersman А.Е., (1883-1945), geochemist

FERSMAN Alexander Evgenievich (1883-1945), geochemist and mineralogist, member (1919), vice-president (1927-29) and the Presidium member (since 1929) of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR