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Alexandrovsky Garden
ALEXANDROVSKY GARDEN (in 1920-89 - the Maxim Gorky Workers' Garden, in 1989-97 - Admiralty Garden) is situated along the south and the west facades of the Main Admiralty, with an area of 10 hectares. In 1805-06, gardener W
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Alexandrovsky Park (Pushkin)
ALEXANDROVSKY PARK (Pushkin), a landscape architecture monument, situated west of Ekaterininsky Park. The park is a part of Tsarskoe Selo palace and park ensemble. Alexandrovsky Park covers an area of 120 hectares
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Alexeevsky Ravelin
ALEXEEVSKY RAVELIN, an outer fortification of Peter and Paul fortress, situated in its western part, before Vasilievskaya curtain wall. The ravelin was named so in honour of Tsar Alexey Mikhaylovich. It was built in 1733-40 (engineer C.A. Munnich, C
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Alkonost, publishing house, 1918-1923
ALKONOST, a private publishing house established in 1918 by S.M. Alyansky for publication of symbolist works; it was named after the mythological bird. The publishing house was located at 1 Kolokolnaya Street and was partially assisted by the
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All-Russian Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Soviet Deputies, Second
THE SECOND ALL-RUSSIAN CONGRESS OF WORKERS' AND SOLDIERS' SOVIET DEPUTIES, was held at Smolny from 25 to 27 October (7 to 9 November) 1917. Its sitting was delayed on several occasions; from the middle of September until 20 October (2 November)
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All-Russian Pushkin Museum
ALL-RUSSIAN PUSHKIN MUSEUM of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation (12 Moika RiverEmbankment) was established in 1953 on the basis of the All-Russian Pushkin Exhibition of 1937 opened in Moscow in the halls of the History Museum in
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Alms-houses (entry)
ALMS-HOUSES, boarding institutions for poor, ill and aged people. The first alms-houses set up in St. Petersburg were attached to churches, the first ones being theHoly Ascension Church in Shpalernaya Street (1713) and St
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Altman N.I. (1889-1970), artist
ALTMAN Natan Isaevich (1889-1970, Leningrad), painter, graphic artist, and sculptor, recognised as an honoured painter of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in 1968. He studied at the Odessa Drawing School in 1902-07 and M
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Amber Room
AMBER ROOM, a unique interior of the Great Catherine Palace, and 18th century arts and crafts monument. The walls of the Amber Room are decorated with the amber panels (the only example of amber used in Russian architecture)
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Angliiskaya Embankment
ANGLIISKAYA EMBANKMENT, from 1738 - Beregovaya Nizhnaya Embankment Street, in the mid-to-late 18th century - Isaakievskaya Embankment, Galernaya Embankment, and Anglinskaya Embankment, from 1800s - Angliiskaya Embankment
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Anichkov Bridge
ANICHKOV BRIDGE (in 1739 Nevsky), spanning the Fontanka River on Nevsky Prospect. The first wooden bridge was built here in 1715 under the supervision of М.О. Anichkov (hence the name), in 1721 it was elevated (the master K
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Anichkov Palace
ANICHKOV PALACE (39 Nevsky Prospect), monument of Baroque architecture. Built in 1741-54 (architect M.G. Zemtsov, G.D. Dmitriev, F. Rastrelli) near Anichkov Bridge (hence the name)
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Anikushin M.K., (1917-1997), sculptor
ANIKUSHIN Mikhail Konstantinovich (1917, St. Petersburg-1997). Full member of the Academy of Arts of the USSR, People's Artist of the USSR (1963), chairman of the management board for Leningrad Department of the Union of Artists (1962-72, 1986-90)
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Anna Akhmatova Literary and Memorial Museum
ANNA AKHMATOVA LITERARY AND MEMORIAL MUSEUM, located at 34 Fontanka River Embankment, was opened in 1989 in Fountain House (see Sheremetev Palace) as a branch of the Dostoevsky Literary and Memorial Museum. The museum became independent in 1990. A
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Annenkov Y.P. (1889-1974), artist
ANNENKOV Yury Pavlovich (1889-1974), graphic artist, painter, scene designer, and writer. He lived in St. Petersburg from 1894. He studied in S. M. Seidenberg 's studio, Y. M. Tsionglinsky's workshop in 1909-11, and in Paris in 1911-12
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Annenschule, School
ANNENSCHULE, a school attached to St. Anna's Lutheran Church, situated at 8a Kirochnaya Street. Y. I. Bruce, Peter the Great’s associate, made a decision in 1722 to provide regular training to children in reading and writing in German language with
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Anniversaries of Petersburg (centenary, bicentenary, two hundred fiftieth anniversary, tercentenary)
ANNIVERSARIES OF ST. PETERSBURG. St. Petersburg's first anniversary celebration (the city's centenary) took place in 1803. Celebrations started on the morning of 16 May 1803
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Anti-aircraft balloons
ANTI-AIRCRAFT BALOONS, unmanned aerial vehicles, hydrogen-filled canvas spheres, used as antiaircraft defence in June-November 1941 and from February 1942. The balloons were launched during an air raid, reaching as high as 100-250 m
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Antokolsky M.M., (1843-1902), sculptor
ANTOKOLSKY Mark Matveevich (1843-1902), sculptor. Lived in St. Petersburg from 1862-71, in Italy from 1871 to 1877, and in Paris from 1877. Studied at the Academy of Arts under N.S. Pimenova (1862-68; academician since 1871)
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Antsiferov Award
ANTSIFEROV AWARD, an international prize in honour of N.P. Antsiferov. The prize was founded in 1995 by the initiative of the International Charitable Foundation for the Renaissance of St. Petersburg-Leningrad and the Baltic Humanitarian Fund
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Apartment Houses (entry)
APARTMENT HOUSES, houses constructed to receive a profit by leasing the apartments. They appeared in St. Petersburg in the early 18th century, proliferated after the decree of 1769 that authorized shops to be arranged on the ground floors
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Apraksin Yard
APRAKSIN YARD, a group of shops, storehouses, and offices built in the 18th and 19th centuries in the area belonging to the Counts Apraksin (hence the name) and bounded by the Fontanka River, Sadovaya Street, Lomonosova Street, and Apraksin Lane
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Aptekarsky Island
APTEKARSKY ISLAND, (Apothecary Island), situated in the estuary of the Neva River between the Karpovka River separating it from Petrogradsky Island, Malaya Nevka River, and Bolshaya Nevka River. It is 198 hectares in area, 2.7 kilometres long and 1
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Apukhtin A.N. (1840-1893), poet
APUKHTIN Alexey Nikolaevich (1840-1893, St. Petersburg), poet, prose writer. He graduated from The Law School (1859, schoolmate of P.I. Tchaikovsky), then he served in the Ministry of Justice (until 1862)
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"Aquarium"
"AQUARIUM", an entertainment theatre-garden, set by entrepreneur G.A. Alexandrov (died in 1910), who took a lease on a piece of land at Kamennoostrovsky Avenue in 1886 (on the site of present-day houses Nos
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Arakcheev A.A. (1769-1834), statesman
ARAKCHEEV Alexey Andreevich (1769-1834), count (1799), statesman and military commander, artillery general (1807). Graduated from the Artillery Engineering Gentry Cadet Corps in St
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Archaeological Monuments in St. Petersburg and its Outskirts
ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS IN ST. PETERSBURG AND ITS OUTSKIRTS, including artefacts (man-made items), settlements and burial places. The oldest archaeological monuments on the territory of the region date back to the Mesolithic Period (before the
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Architectural-Construction University, St. Petersburg State
ARCHITECTURAL-CONSTRUCTION UNIVERSITY, St. Petersburg State, located at 4 Second Krasnoarmeiskaya Street, was established in 1832 as the College for Civil Engineering. It was renamed the Institute for Civil Engineering in 1882
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Archives (entry)
ARCHIVES, state repositories, scientific institutions, departmental associations collect, preserve, and work with documents and materials on the history of modern life
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Arctic and Antarctic Institute
ARCTIC AND ANTARCTIC INSTITUTE of the Russian Hydrometeorological Service, situated at 38 Beringa Street. It was founded in 1920 as the Northern Fishery Research Expedition of the Scientific and Technical Department of the All-Russian Council for
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