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Armenians
ARMENIANS, an ethnic community forming a part of the St. Petersburg population. The Armenian language belongs to the Armenian group of Indo-European language family. Believers are mainly Christians (Monofisits)
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Army Medical Academy
ARMY MEDICAL ACADEMY situated at 6 Akademika Lebedeva Street, an educational institution providing training for army doctors. A unique scientific and medical centre
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Army Medical Museum
ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation situated at 2 Lazaretny Lane. It was founded in Moscow in 1942 and transferred to Leningrad (St
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Aronson L.L. (1939-1970), poet
ARONSON Leonid Lvovich (1939, Leningrad - 1970), poet. He graduated from the Herzen State Pedagogical University (1963). He worked as a teacher of literature at the evening school. In the early 1960s he was closely associated with I.A. Brodsky, A.L
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Arsenalnaya Embankment
ARSENALNAYA EMBANKMENT on the right bank of the Neva River between Arsenalnaya Street and Akademika Lebedeva Street. It was so named in 1887 after Novy Arsenal Plant (today, Arsenal Joint-Stock Company situated in house 1)
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Arsenals (general article)
ARSENALS, establishments for storing and repairing weapons and ammunition, as well as buildings meant for such use. The first arsenals in St. Petersburg (Zeughaus) were built in 1703-05 in St Peter and Paul Fortress and the Admiralty Fortress
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Art Bureau of N. E. Dobychina
ART BUREAU OF N. E. DOBYCHINA, agency negotiating between artists and the public for the purpose of sales and hire. Opened in the fall of 1911 by N. E. Dobychina (1884-1950)
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Art Culture Museum
ART CULTURE MUSEUM opened in 1921 in the former Myatlev family's house at 9 St.Isaac’s Square on the initiative of a group of left-wing artists. Unlike traditional museums exhibiting pieces of art on a national or historical basis
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Art Festivals (entry)
ART FESTIVALS are demonstrations of progress in different fields of art. As a rule, they are periodic and held simultaneously in several city venues. The oldest festival in St
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Art Galleries (entry)
ART GALLERIES. The first art galleries were public, cooperative and private companies that appeared in Leningrad in the mid-1980s. They disrupted the monopoly of state organizations and the Union of Artists on exhibition activity
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Art Nouveau
ART NOUVEAU (from the French for "new art"), the style in architecture and art of the late19th - early 20th centuries. In St. Petersburg, it developed from the end of 1890s through to the early 1910s
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Artamonov M.I., (1898-1972), archaeologist, director of the Hermitage
ARTAMONOV Mikhail Illarionovich (1898-1972, Leningrad), archaeologist, historian, museum worker, Ph.D (Doctor of Historical Sciences, 1941). Lived in Petrograd from early 1917
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Artel of Artists
ARTEL OF ARTISTS (St. Petersburg Artel of Artists), the first ideological association of democratically-minded Russian artists. Founded in 1863 on I. N. Kramskoy's initiative by participants of the so-called Revolt of 14 - graduating students of the
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Artillery and Engineer Schools of the 18th Century (entry)
ARTILLERY AND ENGINEERING SCHOOLS OF THE 18TH CENTURY were the military educational institutions for artillery and engineer officers. The Engineering School was founded in 1719
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Artillery Bombardments of 1941-44
ARTILLERY BOMBARDMENTS OF 1941-44, conducted by long-range German artillery in order to destroy Leningrad's industrial and military facilities, and to spread panic among its population during the siege of 1941-1944
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Artistic Unions (entry)
ARTISTIC UNIONS are unions of artists organized for the purposes of establishing joint ideas and aesthetic programmes, developing professional activity, maintaining educational and promotional efforts and charity
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Artists, Union of
ARTISTS, UNION OF, St. Petersburg Union of the Russian Artists (38 Bolshaya Morskaya Street), creative public association. It was established on 2 August 1932 as the Leningrad Department of the Union of Soviet Artists (LOSSH)
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Arts, The House of, literary society
Arts, The House of, an organisation for literary figures. It was founded by K. I. Chukovsky, M. Gorky, A. N. Tikhonov. Opened on 19 November 1919 in the former house of the Eliseev family at 15 Nevsky Prospect / 59 Moika River Embankment
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Arzamas, Literary Circle
ARZAMAS, literary circle from 1815 to1818. It was founded by V. A. Zhukovsky (who became the secretary and invented witty "minutes" of the meetings), D. V. Dashkov, D. N. Bludov, A. I. Turgenev, S. S. Uvarov, later K. N. Batyushkov, P. A
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Asafyev B. V. , (1884-1949) music theorist and composer
ASAFYEV Boris Vladimirovich (penname Igor Glebov) (1884, St. Petersburg - 1949), music theorist, composer, People"s Artist of the USSR (1946), member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1946)
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Asanova Dinara Kuldashevna (1942-1985), film director
ASANOVA Dinara Kuldashevna (1942-1985, Leningrad), film director, Honoured Worker of the Arts of the RSFSR (1980). Graduated from the production department of VGiK (1968). From 1969, she worked as director in Lenfilm Studio
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Asenkova V.N., (1817-1841), actress
ASENKOVA Varvara Nikolaevna (1817 - 1841, St. Petersburg), actress. Studied at the Petersburg Drama School (1828-30) and in a private boarding school, graduating from neither one. In 1835 she was trained by I.I
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Assemblies
ASSEMBLIES (from French assemblee, gathering), introduced by Peter the Great as a form of higher society, following the European model. The Decree of 26.11.1718, announced by St. Petersburg general chief of police A.M
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Assembly of Economists
ASSEMBLY OF ECONOMISTS, society and club founded in 1891 to discuss the economic life of Russia. It mainly united scientists and practical economists that were loyal to the government. Among its active members were A. P. Subbotin, D. N. Borodin, A
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Assembly of Nobility
ASSEMBLY OF NOBILITY, St. Petersburg provincial corporate social class organisation of St. Petersburg Province nobility, founded on the basis of the Charter of Nobility dated 21 April 1785; its aim was to ensure class unity and rights of nobility
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Assembly of Russian Factory and Plant Workers of St. Petersburg
ASSEMBLY OF RUSSIAN FACTORY AND PLANT WORKERS OF ST. PETERSBURG, one of the first legal mass organizations of workers in Russia. Established on the basis of the Community of Mutual Help of Workers in Mechanized Industry (1902-03) it was one of the
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Assignation Bank
ASSIGNATION BANK, founded in 1769 at the same time as the Assignation Bank in Moscow to distribute banknotes and exchange them for metal coins. Backed by copper coins equal to 500,000 roubles
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Assignment of Recruits
ASSIGNMENT OF RECRUITS, ceremony of assignment of recruits to guards regiments, introduced by emperor Nicholas I, was held annually 4-6 times during autumn in the Mikhailovsky Manege (Riding Academy) personally by the Emperor or guards corps
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Association of Artists
ASSOCIATION OF ARTISTS, an artistic union was established by a group of former members of the St. Petersburg Society of Artists in 1904. The Charter was approved in 1906
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Astoria Hotel
ASTORIA HOTEL (39 Bolshaya Morskaya Street). The six-story building, featuring elements of the Art Nouveau and Neoclassical styles, was constructed in 1911-12 (architect F.I. Lidval, engineer N.P. Kozlov, engineer-architect K.G. Eylers)
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