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Bolsheokhtinsky Bridge
BOLSHEOKHTINSKY BRIDGE (Okhtinsky, in 1911-18 Bridge of Emperor Peter the Great), across the Neva River, joins Tulskaya and Yakornaya streets. Built in 1908-11 (engineers G.G. Krivoshein, S.P. Bobrovsky, G.P. Peredery, architect V.P
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Bolshevikov Avenue
BOLSHEVIKOV AVENUE, a part of the central ring road lying between Kollontay Street and Oktyabrskaya Embankment. It was laid in the right-bank part of Nevsky District where names of streets are associated with the history of the revolutionary
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Bolshoy Avenue of Petrogradskaya Side
BOLSHOY AVENUE OF PETROGRADSKAYA SIDE, in the 18th century - Bolshaya Road, Bolshaya Garnizonnaya Road, Bolshaya Ofitserskaya Street, in 1919-44 - K. Libknekhta Avenue. It lies between Dobrolyubova Avenue and Karpovka River Embankment
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Bolshoy Avenue of Vasilievsky Island
BOLSHOY AVENUE OF VASILIEVSKY ISLAND, in 1720s-1780s - Bolshaya Prospektivaya or Bolshaya Pershpektivaya Street, in 1918-22 - F. Adlera Avenue, in 1922-44 - Proletarskoy Pobedy Avenue
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Bolshoy Dom
BOLSHOY DOM (Big House)(4 Liteiny Avenue), the name Leningraders gave to the administrative building where the bodies of Joint State Political Administration Board (OGPU), People's Commissariat of Home Affairs
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Bolshoy Gostiny Dvor
BOLSHOY GOSTINY DVOR (35 Nevsky Prospect), the largest commercial enterprise of St. Petersburg. The first plan for a Gostiny Dvor (effectively, a large scale trading market) on Nevsky Prospect was developed in the late 1750s by the architect A
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Bombings of 1941-44
BOMBINGS OF 1941-44. Raids by the German Luftwaffe against Leningrad, meant to destroy industrial, military and civilian targets during the Siege of 1941-44. The first air raid on the city occurred on 23 June 1941; in the period from 6 September
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Bonch-Bruevich M.A., (1888-1940), radio technician
BONCH-BRUEVICH Mikhail Alexandrovich (1888-1940, Leningrad), radio technician, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1931). Graduated from the Nikolaevsky Engineering School (1909) and the Military Electrotechnical School in
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Bonstedt L.L. (1822-1885), architect
BONSTEDT Lyubim Lyubimovich (Ludvig) (1822, St. Petersburg - 1885), architect, academy member (1846), professor of the Academy of Fine Arts (1858), court counsellor. He was a subject of the Kingdom of Bavaria
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Book Trade (entry)
BOOK TRADE. State, institutional and private book trading has been carried out in St. Petersburg since the first years of its existence. The first official bookshop belonged to the St
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Booth-guards
BOOTH-GUARDS, lowest ranks of city police looking after " decency" and cleanliness of streets entrusted to them at the end of the 18th - mid 19th centuries. They were subordinated to the non-commissioned officer of the block
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Borey-Art, art centre
BOREY ART (58 Liteiny Avenue), non-profit art centre. It was established in 1991. The Charter was registered in 1993. Its president and art director is T.G. Ponomarenko
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Borodin A.P., (1833-1887), composer
BORODIN Alexander Porfirievich (1833, St. Petersburg - 1887, ibidem), chemist, composer. A graduate of the Academy of Surgical Medical Sciences (1856), in 1858 he earned a doctorate in medicine and in 1864 was conferred the title of professor
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Borodinskaya Street
BORODINSKAYA STREET between Fontanka River Embankment and Zagorodny Avenue. It was laid through the land owned by St. Petersburg Bourgeois Society. Development of the area started in the early 20th century
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Borovikovsky V.L. (1757-1825), painter
BOROVIKOVSKY Vladimir Lukich (1757-1825, St. Petersburg), painter. Lived in St. Petersburg from 1788. He was a student of D. G. Levitsky and I. B. Lampi the Elder from 1792. A member of the Academy of Arts from 1795 and an advisor from 1802
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Bortnyansky D.S., (1751-1825), composer
BORTNYANSKY Dmitry Stepanovich (1751-1825, St. Petersburg), chorister, composer, Kapellmeister, director of the Court Capella (from 1801), Actual Civil Counsellor (1806). In 1758, he was brought from Malorossiya (Eastern Ukraine) to St
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Bosse Y.A. (1812-1894), architect
BOSSE Garald Andreevich (Garald Ernestovich, Garald Yulius) (1812-1894), architect and graphic artist. Born into Baltic Germans' family, studied in Darmschtadt. Since 1831, resided in St. Petersburg, working as a draftsman in the studio of A. P
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Botanic Garden
BOTANIC GARDEN (2 Professora Popova Street) originates from the Apothecary Garden (established by order of Tsar Peter the Great). Its overall area was 22.9 ha including 2.5 ha of conservatories and buildings, 16
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Botanical Museum
BOTANICAL MUSEUM, located at 2 Professora Popova Street, is the only botanical museum in the country. The museum dates back to the Botanical Museum of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences established in 1823 and officially opened in 1835
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Botik of Peter the Great
BOTIK OF PETER THE GREAT, botik (little boat) named “The St. Nicholas,” constructed in England in the 1640s, had belonged to the grandfather of Tsar Peter the Great, boyar N.I. Romanov
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Botkin Memorial Hospital For Infectious Diseases
BOTKIN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES, city hospital number 30 (3/4 Mirgorodskaya Street) founded on the initiative Professor Y.P. Chudnovsky in 1882 as the Alexandrovskaya Municipal Barracks Hospital with 300 beds
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Botkin S. P., (1832-1889), doctor
BOTKIN Sergey Petrovich (1832-1889), doctor, public figure, Doctor of Medicine (1860), Secret Councillor (1877). He graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of Moscow University (1855)
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Botkinskaya Street
BOTKINSKAYA STREET, from the late 18th century - Ofitserskaya Street, in 1858-98 - Samarskaya Street. It runs from Lenina Square to Voennykh Medikov Square and Bolshoy Sampsonievsky Avenue
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Botvinik M.M. (1911-1995), chess-player
BOTVINIK Mikhail Moiseevich (1911, Kuokkala - 1995), chess-player, International Grand Master (1950). He graduated from Leningrad Polytechnic College (1932). Botvinik won the world champion title five times (1948, 1951, 1954, 1958 and 1961)
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Bourgeoisie
BOURGEOISIE, a social group forming a part of the St. Petersburg population. The permanent inhabitants of the city did not consist of seasonal labourers or merchants
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Braz Osip Emmanuilovich (1873-1936), artist
BRAZ Osip Emmanuilovich (1873-1936), artist. He graduated from the Odessa Art School (1890), and studied under Sandor Kholloshi in Munich (1891-94) and under Ilya Repin in the Academy of Arts (1895-96)
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Breaking of the Siege (1943)
BREAKING OF THE SIEGE 1943, 12 - 30 January, an offensive operation, code named "Iskra" (Sparkle), along the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts by Baltic Fleet forces in the region of the Schlisselburg-Sinyavino heights
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Brenna V.F. (1745-1819), architect
BRENNA Vikenty Franzevich (1745-1819 or 1820?), architect, decorative artist, a representative of Neoclassicism. Native of Italy. Prior to his coming to Russia, he worked in Rome and Warsaw
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Breweries
BREWERIES, intensively developing enterprises, making up a significant share of St. Petersburg industry. It was in the early 18th century that Peter the Great decreed to open breweries in St. Petersburg for the needs of the fleet and hospitals
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"Brick Style"
"BRICK STYLE". The term used in Russian art-historical literature for a so-called rational trend in architecture from the second half of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries
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