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Entries / Bolshoy Dom

Bolshoy Dom


Рубрикатор / Architecture/Architectural Monuments/Public Buildings and Edifices
Рубрикатор / Social Life/Political Repressions

BOLSHOY DOM (Big House)(4 Liteiny Avenue), the name Leningraders gave to the administrative building where the bodies of Joint State Political Administration Board (OGPU), People's Commissariat of Home Affairs, the Ministry of State Security (NKVD) and State Security Committee (KGB) were housed. Bolshoy Dom was built on the initiative of S.M. Kirov in 1931-32 (architect N.A. Trotsky, A.I. Gegello, A.A. Ol with the assistance of N.E. Lansere, L.P. Shishko, I.F. Bezpalova, Y.V. Shchuko, et al.), replacing the building of a District Court, which burnt down during the February Revolution of 1917. Like the District Court, the Bolshoy Dom is connected by a passage to the former House of Preliminary Detention, which today functions as a pre-trial detention centre. The architecture of the Bolshoy Dom reflects the new tendencies of Soviet architecture: a retreat from Constructivism toward the monumental Classicism. Pillars, high corner towers, and mighty lower floor faced with granite and the strictness of shapes are typical of the style. Since the mid 1930s the name Bolshoy Dom has become a sort of euphemism for the Leningraders, similar to Moscow's Lubyanka. Today the building houses the Department of Federal Security Service (FSB) for St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region.

V. G. Isachenko.

Persons
Bezpalov Innokenty Fedorovich
Gegello Alexander Ivanovich
Kirov (real name Kostrikov) Sergey Mironovich
Lansere Nikolay Evgenievich
Ol Andrey Andreevich
Shchuko Yury Vladimirovich
Shishko Lev Petrovich
Trotsky Noy Abramovich

Addresses
Liteiny Ave/Saint Petersburg, city, house 4

The subject Index
February Revolution of 1917
District Court
House of Preliminary Detention, prison
Bolshoy Dom

Chronograph
1932


Mentioned in articles (17)

Arsenals (general article)

ARSENALS, establishments for storing and repairing weapons and ammunition, as well as buildings meant for such use. The first arsenals in St. Petersburg (Zeughaus) were built in 1703-05 in St Peter and Paul Fortress and the Admiralty Fortress

Bolshoy Dom

BOLSHOY DOM (Big House)(4 Liteiny Avenue), the name Leningraders gave to the administrative building where the bodies of Joint State Political Administration Board (OGPU), People's Commissariat of Home Affairs

District Court

DISTRICT COURT, a judiciary body, established in the course of the Judiciary reform of 1864. Consisted of a chairman, his deputy and members of the court (appointed by the minister of Justice)

Gegello A.I. (1891-1965), architect.

GEGELLO Alexander Ivanovich (1891-1965), architect. Resided in St. Petersburg since 1910. Graduated from the College of Civil Engineers (1920) and from the Academy of Fine Arts, Higher School of Art and Technology (1923)

House of Preliminary Detention, prison

HOUSE OF PRELIMINARY DETENTION (25 Shpalernaya Street), the first remand prison in Russia. It was built in 1871-75 (architect K.Y. Maevsky) who took American system as an example: the doors of cells overlooked stepped iron passages; inside the house

Lansere N.E. (1879-1942), architect

LANSERE Nikolay Evgenyevich (1879, St. Petersburg -1942), architect and graphic artist, architectural historian and teacher. He was the brother of E.E. Lansere and Z.E. Serebryakova

Liteiny Avenue

LITEINY AVENUE [in 1918-44 - Volodarskogo Avenue, after revolutionary V. Volodarsky (1891-1918)], between Liteiny Bridge and Nevsky Prospect. In 1711, a foundry was founded at the beginning of future Liteiny Avenue; later, houses of craftsmen

Militia

MILITIA, was created by order of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs on October, 28 (old style: November, 10) 1917 “On Workers' Militia.” On December, 14 (old style: December

Ol А.А. (1883-1958), architect

OL Andrey Andreevich (1883 - 1958, Leningrad), architect, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Architecture (1941), doctor of architecture (1943). Graduated from the Institute of Civil Engineering (1910)

Shishko L. P. (1872-1943), architect

SHISHKO Lev Petrovich (1872-1943, Lakhta settlement, by Leningrad), architect, teacher. Graduated from the Institute of Civil Engineering (1896). In the 1900s, was appointed architect to the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, built the New Vestry, a hotel

Trotsky N.A. (1895-1940), arhcitect.

TROTSKY Noy Abramovich (1895, St. Petersburg 1940, Leningrad), architect. Graduated from the Petrograd State Arts Courses (1921). Author of the bid for the crematorium project in Petrograd (1919, not carried out)







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