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Academics' Case
ACADEMICS' CASE, the accusation of a group of members and research assistants of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR of creating a counter-revolutionary organisation All-National Union of Struggle for the Revival of a Free Russia with the purpose of
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Civil Control, Public Association
CIVIL CONTROL (87 Ligovsky Avenue), public human rights organisation. It was initiated in 1992 to provide for the Parliament's and people's control over the activity of secret services
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Deportations, ethnic
DEPORTATIONS, ETHNIC were mass forced exiles of certain ethnic groups by the Soviet Government in the 1930-40s. The expulsion of 100 families of German colonists from Prigorodny District of Leningrad Region occurred during collectivization on 20
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Dissident Movement
DISSIDENT MOVEMENT, a term used to define ideologically heterogeneous trends of the opposition in the USSR in the 1960-80s (since 1969, the term has been used in the foreign official press
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Ecological Public Movement
ECOLOGICAL PUBLIC MOVEMENT is an independent movement for protection of the environment comprised of ecological public organizations. The Movement emerged from the former Soviet organizations for nature protection and informal youth movements by the
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Former People
FORMER PEOPLE is the name for the operation against people who had earlier belonged to privileged social classes carried out in the course of the repressions of Kirov Stream
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"Great Terror"
"GREAT TERROR", a term introduced by American historian Robert Conquest (1971), referring to mass repression in the USSR in 1937-38 (in Russia, it was traditionally called "ezhovshchina"
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Guards' Case
GUARDS' CASE (Spring case), one from the series of cases fabricated by the Joint State Political Administration Board against former officers of Imperial and White Armies
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Leningrad Affair
LENINGRAD AFFAIR, the term for a series of political processes that arose over the course of an internal party fight for power between G.M. Malenkov and L.P. Beria, and between A.A. Zhdanov and A.A. Kuznetsov
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Memorial, a non-profit organisation
MEMORIAL (9 Razyezzhaya Street, 23 Rubinsteina Street), a charitable historical and educational human rights non-profit organisation. It was instituted in 1988 on the basis of the movement for erecting monuments to victims of political repressions
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Nochlezhka (Shelter), a charitable foundation
NOCHLEZHKA (Shelter) (building No.27 Apraksin Dvor), a charitable foundation initiated in 1990 for making and development of the system for support of the homeless
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Perestroika (Restructuring), club
PERESTROIKA (Restructuring), multi-disciplinary club, initiated in 1987 for the support "from below" of the restructuring policy proclaimed by M.S. Gorbachev and the realization of the concept of socialist-type people's self-government
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Political Opposition in Leningrad
POLITICAL OPPOSITION of 1930-80s is the general name for independent unions or groups of people consciously opposing the Soviet power. Contemporary research distinguishes between external and internal political opposition on the basis of their
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Political Persecution
POLITICAL PERSECUTION refers to large-scale punitive measures organized by the Soviet Government from October 1917 on with a purpose of physical removal of real or potential political opponents
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Solovetsky Stone, monument
SOLOVETSKY STONE, a memorial in the public garden on Troitskaya Square, mounted by the Memorial Society on 4 September 2002 (artists E.I. Ukhnalev, Y.A. Rybakov) in memory of victims of political repression (a gift for the tercentenary of St
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Strategy, political centre
STRATEGY (25/14 Seventh Krasnoarmeiskaya Street), humanitarian and political scientific centre, established in 1993 upon the initiative of a group of the deputies of the city council, active workers of democratic parties
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