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Kvasov Al. V., architect
KVASOV Alexey Vasilievich (early 1730s, St. Petersburg - 1772), architect, town-planner, master of the early Neoclassical style. From 1747, he studied under his elder brother, the architect Andrey V. Kvasov
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Le Blond J.B. (1679-1719), architect.
LE BLOND Jean-Baptiste Alexander (1679-1719, St. Petersburg), French architect, expert on the theory and practice of landscape art, and engineer. In 1716, he came to St
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Leiner's Restaurant
LEINER'S RESTAURANT. Opened circa 1885 at 18 Nevsky Prospect by entrepreneur F.O. Leiner; after his death, the restaurant went to his widow V. Leiner. In the late 19th century, Leiner's was a sort of an artistic club
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Leningrad State Publishing House, publishing house
LENIZDAT (Leningrad State Publishing House) (59 Fontanka River Embankment), a publishing house established in the end of 1917 as a publishing house for Petrograd Soviet; at that time quartered in Smolny
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Leningrad, journal
LENINGRAD, throughout different periods several journals circulated in the city under this name.1) From 1922 until 1925 - a bi-weekly illustrated literary and political journal (until 1924 was called Petrograd)
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Lensovet Theatre
LENSOVET THEATRE (12 Vladimirsky Avenue). Founded in 1933 as the New Theatre, renamed Lensovet Theatre in 1953 (briefly called the Open Theatre in 1992-2000), and receiving Academic status in 1981
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Levitsky S.L. (1819-1898), photographer
LEVITSKY Sergey Lvovich (1819-98, St. Petersburg) is one of the founders of photography in Russia. In 1840s he studied the basics of photography in Paris. In 1849
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Lishnevsky A.L., (1868-1942), architect
LISHNEVSKY Alexander Lvovich (1868-1942), architect, a noted Art Nouveau and Neoclassical artist. He graduated from the Academy of Arts in 1892, and worked in the Ukraine for some time. From 1901, he lived in St. Petersburg
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Liteiny Avenue
LITEINY AVENUE [in 1918-44 - Volodarskogo Avenue, after revolutionary V. Volodarsky (1891-1918)], between Liteiny Bridge and Nevsky Prospect. In 1711, a foundry was founded at the beginning of future Liteiny Avenue; later, houses of craftsmen
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Lopukhin A.P. (1852-1904), master of theology
LOPUKHIN Alexander Pavlovich (1852-1904, St. Petersburg), church historian, M.A. (theology) in 1881. After graduating from Petersburg Theological Academy in 1878, he worked as a psalm reader at the Russian Embassy Church in New York in 1879-81
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Malaya Konyushennaya Street
MALAYA KONYUSHENNAYA STREET (in the 18th century Rozhdestvenskaya Street, in 1918-91 Sofia Perovskaya Street), located between Nevsky Prospect and Shvedsky Lane, laid out in the 1760s as a passageway to the Court Stables (hence the name)
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Malaya Okhta, locality
MALAYA OKHTA, a locality in the eastern part of St. Petersburg, situated on the left bank of the Neva River, above the mouth of the Okhta River. It borders on Soedinitelnaya Railway Line in the north and the Okkervil River in the north-east
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Marata Street
MARATA STREET (in the 18th century - Preobrazhenskaya Polkovaya Street, in the first half of the 19th century - Gryaznaya Street, in 1855-1918 - Nikolaevskaya Street after Emperor Nicholas I), between Nevsky Prospect and Podiezdnoy Lane
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Martov L. (1873-1923), revolutionary
MARTOV L. (born Yuly Osipovich Tsederbaum) (1873-1923), political figure, publicist. In 1881 he settled in St. Petersburg together with his parents; after graduating from the 1st Petersburg Gymnasium (1891) he entered the chair of Natural Sciences
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Mayakovskogo Street
MAYAKOVSKOGO STREET, between Nevsky Prospect and Kirochnaya Street. It was built in the first half of the 18th century, and was called Srednyaya Pershpektivaya, in the middle of 19th century - Shestilavochnaya Street
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Memorial plaques (general article)
MEMORIAL PLAQUES. Memorial inscriptions in stone and metal first appeared in St. Petersburg as early as the 18h century. On the descents leading to the Neva River
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Metochions (entry)
METOCHIONS of monasteries and eparchies of the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1715, by order of Tsar Peter the Great, the metochions of St. Sergius Trinity Monastery (from 1744
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Mikhaylovskaya Street
MIKHAYLOVSKAYA STREET (known as Lassalya Street from 1918 to 1940, then called Brodskogo Street until 1991), between Nevsky Prospect and Iskusstv Square. The street, laid in 1834 after the design plan conceived by architect C.I
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Militia
MILITIA, was created by order of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs on October, 28 (old style: November, 10) 1917 “On Workers' Militia.” On December, 14 (old style: December
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Miniatures Theatres (entry)
MINIATURES THEATRES, variety theatres with repertoires embracing all types and genres of theatrical art and concerts. In St. Petersburg, they emerged as clubs and theatre-cabarets
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Morozov N.A. (1854-1946), revolutionary, chemist, astronomer
MOROZOV Nikolay Alexandrovich (1854-1946), revolutionary-narodnik, writer, scientist, author of memoirs, honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1932)
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Morskaya Bolshaya Street
MORSKAYA BOLSHAYA STREET (in 1920-93 - Herzen Street, after A.I. Herzen), located from the General Staff Arch to Kryukov Canal. It was constructed in the early 18th century, in Morskaya settlement (hence the name)
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Morskaya Malaya Street
MORSKAYA MALAYA STREET (since 1738 - Bolshaya Lugovaya Street, since the middle of the 18th century until the 1820s - Novaya Isaakievskaya Street, in 1902-93 - Gogolya Street, after N.V. Gogol), between Nevsky Prospect and St. Isaac's Square
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Mozhaysky А.F. (1825-1890), constructor
MOZHAYSKY Alexander Fedorovich (1825-1890, St. Petersburg), inventor, creator of an aircraft heavier than the air, Rear-Admiral. (1886). Graduated from the Naval Cadet School (1841)
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Muessar's Mondays
MUESSAR'S MONDAYS (until 1912 The Society for Supporting Artists' Families), a charitable society of artists, patrons of the arts and arts lovers. It was established in 1881 on the initiative of the Privy Counsellor E.I. Muessar
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Museum of City Sculpture
MUSEUM OF CITY SCULPTURE, State Museum of City Sculpture (STCS) (179/2 Nevsky Prospect) was organised in 1939 with the aim to keep records, provide protection and carry out restoration of major monuments
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Music Societies and Circles (general)
MUSICAL SOCIETIES AND CIRCLES, official associations of music lovers with their own charters and rights to hold public concerts and other activities. There were two associations founded in the last third of the 18th century: the Music Club (1772-77)
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Musical Schools and Colleges (entry)
MUSICAL SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES, classes, courses, educational institutions for those who want to study music professionally or obtain general training in music, catering to various social groups and interests
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Musical Society, The Russian
MUSICAL SOCIETY, The Russian (in 1873-1917, it was called the Imperial Russian Musical Society; RMO, IRMO) was established in 1859 on the initiative of A. G. Rubinstein and Count Matv. Y. Vielgorsky (see the Vielgorsky Family)
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Mutual Credit Societies
MUTUAL CREDIT SOCIETIES, institutions founded on a partnership basis to grant short-term loans. A member of a mutual credit society would undertake obligations for a specified amount
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Nappelbaum M.S.(1869-1958), photographer
NAPPELBAUM Misey Solomonovich (1869-1958), photographer. He lived in St. Petersburg from 1910 and created the gallery of the city's public figures: Yury Annenkov, Anna Akhmatova, Alexander Block, Alexander Glazunov, Vsevolod Meyerkhold
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Natural stone
NATURAL STONE. Since the early 18th century, Putilovo slab limestone has been used in construction (quarried by Putilovskaya Mountain near the mouth of the Volkhov River)
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Neva, journal
NEVA (3 Nevsky Prospect), a monthly illustrated literary journal, founded in 1955 as an organ of the Leningrad Writers' Organisation by A. I. Chernenko who became its first editor; later the journal was edited by S. I. Voronin, followed by А. F
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Nevsky Prospect
NEVSKY PROSPECT known as Bolshaya Pershpektivnaya Road or Bolshaya Pershpektiva until 1738, Nevskaya Prospektivaya Street or Nevskaya Perspektiva in 1738-1780s, and 25 October Avenue in 1918-44 so named in memory of the October Revolution of 1917
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Noble Assembly
NOBLE ASSEMBLY, public club establishment, originating from the so-called Merchants Assembly that was founded in 1782 by a group consisting mainly of German merchants who had resigned from the Burger Club (Petty Bourgeois Assembly, or Schuster Club)
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Novaya Zhizn (New Life), newspaper (1917-1918)
NOVAYA ZHIZN (New Life), a public literary daily newspaper which appeared in Petrograd from 18 April (1 May) 1917 until 16 July 1918 (with a total of 354 issues). A. N. Tikhonov was the official publisher (real name А. Serebrov) but it was M
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Novoe vremya (The New Time), newspaper, 1868-1917
NOVOE VREMYA (The New Time), a political and literary newspaper, which appeared in 1868-1917. In 1876 A. S. Suvorin took over the publishing and turned Novoe Vremya into one of Russia's most popular newspapers, with a circulation reaching 60
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Novy Put (New Way), newspaper
NOVY PUT (New Way) a monthly illustrated literary journal on religion, philosophy and social issues which appeared in 1903-04 with the editorial office located at 88 Nevsky Prospect, and from July 1903 at 10 Saperny Lane
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OBERIU
OBERIU, the Association of Real Art, a literary-theatre group (1927 to the beginning of the 1930s), D. I. Kharms, A. I. Vvedensky, N. A. Zabolotsky, D. Levin, I. V. Bakhterev, A. V. Razumovsky, Y. D. Vladimirov, K. K. Vaginov et al. were its members
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Odoevtseva I.V. (1895-1990), writer
ODOEVTSEVA Irina Vladimirovna (real name Heinecke Iraida Gustavovna ) (1895-1990, Leningrad), poet, prose writer, author of memoirs. In 1918 she came to Petrograd. Attended lectures of the Institute of the Living Word (1918-21)
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Omnibus
OMNIBUS (lat. omnibus - for all), a multi-seater horse-powered vehicle, the first public city route of trackless transportation. First omnibuses started operating in the summer of 1830, running from St
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Ostrovskogo Square
OSTROVSKOGO SQUARE known as Alexandrinskaya Square before 1923, between Nevsky Prospect and Zodchego Rossi Street. It was renamed after playwright A. N. Ostrovsky (1823-86). The square was designed by architect K. I
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Otechestvennye Zapiski (Notes of the Fatherland), journal
OTECHESTVENNYE ZAPISKI (Notes of the Fatherland). 1) A literary and political journal, founded by P. P. Svinyin as an annual journal. It appeared in 1818-30, from 1820 circulated as a monthly and published articles and material on the history of
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Palace for Young Creativity
PALACE FOR YOUNG CREATIVITY (until 1990 - Leningrad City Pioneer Palace, to 1991 - Leningrad City Palace of Youth Creativity) (39 Nevsky Prospect), opened on 12.2
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Palace Square
PALACE SQUARE, St. Petersburg's main square, the traditional location for city-wide festivities, and is part of the central square system of the Neva River's left bank
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Palkin Restaurants
PALKIN RESTAURANTS. Several Petersburg restaurants, owned by members of the Palkin merchant family. In 1785, A.S. Palkin, a native of Yaroslavl, opened a tavern under his name in St. Petersburg
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Palmov I.S. (1855-1920), church historian
PALMOV Ivan Savvich (1855-1920, Petrograd), church historian, specialist in Slavic history, Doctor of Church History (1904), a member of Russian Academy of Sciences (1916; corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences from 1913)
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Panaev I. I. (1812-1862), writer, journalist
PANAEV Ivan Ivanovich (1812, St. Petersburg - 1862.), prose writer, poet, journalist. In 1830 graduated from the Boarding School for Nobles of the Petersburg University. From 1831-44 was in the government service
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Panoramas (entry)
PANORAMAS, 1) A genre of fine art. The first panoramic view of St. Petersburg was created by artist A. F. Zubov in 1716. The most famous panoramas include: The Splendid Avenues by artist M. I. Makhaev (1753), Panorama of St. Petersburg by J. A
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Parade of 8 July 1945
PARADE OF 8 JULY 1945, celebrations held in Leningrad in honour of the Leningrad Guard Infantry Corps (the 45th, 63rd and 64th Guard Rifle Divisions), which were returning to the city from the Baltics
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Passage, department store
PASSAGE (48 Nevsky Prospect), a trade-manufacturing company and a department store, private corporation (as of 1992). It originates from the Passage store, built in 1846-48 (architect R.A. Zhelyazevich; rebuilt in 1900 by architect S.S
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Patronage of Art (entry)
PATRONAGE OF ART is disinterested financial and other forms of participation in the culture, science, and assistance to figures of science and culture. The beginning for patronage of art in St
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Pavement
PAVEMENT. In the early 18th century, pedestrian pavements in St. Petersburg developed out of wooden planked roadways. In the mid 18th century, wooden pavements appeared; in the late 18th century came stone pavements made of limestone slabs
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Pavements
PAVEMENTS have been built in St. Petersburg since the early 18th century. The first pavements were made of boards, later various paving materials were applied, including planks, cobblestones, asphalt, woodblocks, granite, metal, road metal (pebbles)
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Pavlenkov F.F. (1839-1900), publisher
PAVLENKOV Florenty Fedorovich (1839-1900), publisher. Graduated from the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy (1861), served at the Kiev Arsenal and Bryansk Arsenal. Having resigned, he moved to St. Petersburg in 1865. In 1866, he started publishing
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Peretyatkovich, M. M. (1872-1916), architect
PERETYATKOVICH, Marian Marianovich (1872-1916), architect, associate academy member of architecture (1912). Graduated from the Institute of Communications Engineering (1901) and St. Petersburg Academy of Arts (1906)
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Perinnaya Line
PERINNAYA LINE lying along Bolshoy Gostiny Dvor between Nevsky Prospect and Lomonosova Street. In the mid-to-late 19th century, it was known as Surovskaya, or Bolshaya Surovskaya, Line (Textile Line) so named because of the goods sold in the line
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Perovskaya S.L., (1853-1881), revolutionary
PEROVSKAYA Sofia Lvovna (1853, St. Petersburg - 1881), Revolutionary Populist. From the aristocratic noble family; father, Lev Nikolaevich Perovsky (1816-1890), was Petersburg Civil Governor in 1865-66
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Peski
PESKI (sands), the historical name of the area in the centre of St. Petersburg, between the Neva River, Nevsky Prospect and Ligovsky Avenue, on both sides of Suvorovsky Avenue. The name is caused by the nature of the ground
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Petersburg Musical Spring, festival
PETERSBURG MUSICAL SPRING (until 1991, the Leningrad Musical Spring), annual musical festival held since 1964, organised by the St. Petersburg Branch of the Composers Union
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