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Commission for St. Petersburg Construction
COMMISSION OF ST. PETERSBURG CONSTRUCTION was the state institution organized on 10 July 1737 to regulate the city development following the fires on Admiralteisky Island. It was headed by K.A. Minich with P.M. Eropkin as chief architect
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Commission for the Study of Russian Natural Productive Resources,
COMMISSION FOR THE STUDY OF RUSSIAN NATURAL PRODUCTIVE FORCES founded under the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1915 during World War I of 1914-18. It was situated at 2a Tuchkovaya Embankment
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Committee against pogroms
COMMITTEE AGAINST POGROMS, emergency government authority, established on December 4 (17 New Style), 1917 of the decision of Petrograd Soviet for the cessation of wine pogroms in Petrograd. The Committee was located in Smolny (room No. 75)
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Committee for Construction and Water Works
COMMITTEE FOR CONSTRUCTION AND WATER WORKS was the state institution created in May 1816 on the initiative of A. A. Bethencourt for consideration of development, urban planning, and improvement projects of St. Petersburg
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Committee for Military and Naval Affairs
COMMITTEE FOR MILITARY AND NAVAL AFFAIRS, the first Central Soviet Armed Forces Administration. Established at the second All-Russian Congress of Soviets on 26 October (8 September) 1917, and quartered at Smolny. Committee members included V. A
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Committee for the Salvation of the Fatherland and the Revolution
COMMITTEE FOR THE SALVATION OF THE FATHERLAND AND THE REVOLUTION, An anti-Bolshevik organisation, established on the night of 26 October (old style: 8 November) 1917
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Common Lodging-houses (entry)
COMMON LODGING-HOUSES (commonly known as "nochlezhkas"). Special lodging for overnight stay for the homeless, appeared in St. Petersburg on the initiative of the Police
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Communal Apartments
COMMUNAL APARTMENTS. The word combination "communal apartments" is a product of the Soviet epoch. However, first communal apartments appeared in the early 18th century, when rental lodging was partitioned by the landlords into "corners"
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Commune of Artists
COMMUNE OF ARTISTS, art association. Founded in 1910 by graduates of the Academy of Arts, including S. A. Vlasov, D. G. Okroyants, N. V. Kharitonov, and I. M. Schlugleit, with the participation of I. E. Repin, honorary chairman from 1915
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Communication Museum
COMMUNICATION MUSEUM, A. S. Popov Central (7 Pochtamtskaya Street) is the first such museum in Russia. It ranks among the biggest museums of its kind in the world
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Communist Battalions
COMMUNIST BATTALIONS. Special subunits of the People's Volunteer Militia, formed as an emergency measure in Leningrad in 1941 - early 1942 on the initiative of local parties
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Communities
Communities, an official or unofficial association of immigrants from any region, permanently or temporarily living in St. Petersburg. Their main aim is mutual help and interaction in a familiar cultural setting. In St
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Communities of Sisters Of Mercy (common)
COMMUNITIES of Sisters Of Mercy, a charitable women’s organisation for training professional nurses to take care of sick and wounded men. They became an important part of the women’s emancipation movement and appeared in St
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Composers, The Union of
COMPOSERS, The Union of, St. Petersburg Department, a professional and creative association. It was established in 1932. By 1940, established composers such as B. V. Asafyev, V. M. Bogdanov-Berezovsky, A. P. Gladkovsky, V. M. Deshevov, A. F
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Concert Halls (entry)
CONCERT HALLS appeared in St. Petersburg in the late 18th century. Earlier, musicians arranged paid concerts in palaces of grandees, theatres, and taverns. The first documented series of public concerts refers to the concerts given by G
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Confectioneries (entry)
CONFECTIONERIES. Mass production of confections began in St. Petersburg in the middle of the 19th century. In 1914 there were 20 confectioneries producing both traditional Russian delicacies (spice-cakes, pastila
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Confectioner's Shops (entry)
CONFECTIONER'S SHOPS. Public food-service establishments where coffee, chocolate, ice-cream, fruits, and other sweets were served. Since the early 1810s, confectioner's shops gradually replaced "sweet shops," offering various sweets for take-away
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Confessions, Non-Orthodox (entry)
NON ORTHODOX CONFESSIONS, Christian non-Orthodox churches. From the beginning of the 18th century, St. Petersburg was the centre of foreign confessions in Russia. The most numerous community were the Roman Catholics
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Constituent Assembly, All-Russian
ALL-RUSSIAN CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY, a body of representatives established on the basis of universal suffrage in order to form a government and draft a Constitution for Russia
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Constructivism
CONSRTUCTIVISM, the main style in the architecture of the Soviet avant-garde of the 1920s and early 1930s. Based on the principle of functionality expressed in dynamically separated structures, it featured well-defined spaces and laconic surfaces
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Consular Institutions (entry)
CONSULAR INSTITUTIONS, or permanent governmental organs for foreign affairs, executed security and protection of economic and judicial interests of their country's citizens and legal bodies, the issuance of visas and passports, and acted as notaries
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Contemporary Architecture
CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE. A rejection of standard and typical styles used for mass residential blocs from the Soviet period; an attempt to enrich the range of expression
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Conversations for Lovers of the Russian Word , Literary Society
CONVERSATIONS FOR LOVERS OF THE RUSSIAN WORD, a literary society, formed in 1811 as a continuation of literary soirees organized by G. R. Derzhavin, A. S. Shishkov, M. N. Muravyev, I. S. Zakharov in their own houses from 1807
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Corinthia Nevskij Palace Hotel
CORINTHIA NEVSKIJ PALACE (57 Nevsky Prospect). Constructed as an apartment house in 1861-62, with a previously existing building included into the design (architect A.I
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Corner, Cabaret
CORNER (Ugolok), cabaret theatre, and artistic club. Opened in the building of the Passage (entrance from 19 Italyanskaya Street) in January 1915. It was established by G. P. Makarov. V. N. Davydov, L. Y. Lipkovskaya, E. V. Lopukhova, Y. S
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Cossack Life Guards Regiment
COSSACK LIFE GUARDS REGIMENT, regiment of guards cavalry, recruited from the Don Cossacks. Formed in 1795 out of the Don and Chuguev Court Cossack Companies (set up in 1775) and the Gatchina Cossack Regiment (set up in 1793) as the Hussar Cossack
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Court Cathedral of Our Lady Feodorovskaya
COURT CATHEDRAL OF OUR LADY FEODOROVSKAYA in Tsarskoe Selo, located at 32 Akademichesky Avenue, Pushkin, an architectural monument, attached to the unfinished complex of Feodorovsky settlement
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Court Ceremonies
COURT CEREMONIES, acts performed by the monarch as part of his responsibilities and duties, accompanied by formal ceremonial spectacles and events. Court ceremonies played an important role in the life of the Imperial Court and were the best (and
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Crafts Academy
CRAFTS ACADEMY, State, Saint Petersburg (13 Solyanoy Lane) is one of the leading creative academies in Russia, originating from the Baron Stieglitz Central School of Technical Drawing (CSTD, 1876-1924)
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Crematorium
CREMATORIUM (12 Shafirovsky Avenue) opened in 1973 (architect A.S. Konstantinov, D.S. Goldgor, N.M. Zaharyina). The crematorium complex consists of nine ritual halls, ten cremators, and a columbarium of 5,000 square metres. In St
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