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Hairdresser's Saloons
HAIRDRESSER'S SALOONS. In Russian, 'parikmakherskaya', from the German 'Perucke', or periwig, and Macher, or maker. A public service institution. In the 1790s, there were both Russian (43 master hairdressers and 20 trainees) and German (73 master
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Handicraft (overview)
HANDICRAFT, an important part of St. Petersburg economy in the 18th to the early 20th centuries, started developing soon after the city was founded as craftsmen were coming here from various handicraft centres of the country
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Harbour
HARBOUR is an area in the western part of Vasilievsky Island. Soon after the foundation of St. Petersburg, earthworks and the artillery battery were put up here to protect the entrance to the Bolshaya Neva River
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Hastie V.I. (1753-1832), architect.
Hastie Vasily Ivanovich (William) (1753-1832), architect. Native of Switzerland, in 1784 he came to Russia by invitation of C. Cameron, settling in Tsarskoye Selo on Angliiskaya Street
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Head Magistrate
HEAD MAGISTRATE, the public institution of the highest rank. It was established in St. Petersburg on the decree of tsar Peter the Great in 1720 to function as the principal establishment in charge of city magistrates of other cities and towns. In St
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Head of the city administration
HEAD OF THE CITY ADMINISTRATION, the highest administrative and police rank in St. Petersburg. The post was introduced with the publication of the Regulations as of March 20, 1873 on St. Petersburg cessation from St
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Health Service (common)
HEALTH SERVICE, PUBLIC. The first stationary medical institutions in St. Petersburg were military hospitals for the army and the navy (opened in 1715 and 1717)
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Heat Supply Services
HEAT SUPPLY SERVICES. The introduction of the heating system in Leningrad is usually said to have appeared in 1924, when the first heating line laid from electric power station No.3 (104 Fontanka River Embankment) to building No
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Heating plants (general article)
HEATING PLANTS (heat electric power plants) are stations generating electricity and providing heat and hot running water to businesses and residential houses. The first attempts of a comprehensive approach to the problem of generating electricity
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Heifits I.E. (1905-1995), film director
HEIFITS Iosif Efimovich (1905-1995, St. Petersburg), film director, script writer, teacher, People’s Artist of the USSR (1964), Hero of Socialist Labour (1975)
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Her Majesty’s Cuirassier Life Guards Regiment
HER MAJESTY’S CUIRASSIER LIFE GUARDS REGIMENT a cavalry guards regiment, raised in 1704 as the Dragoon Regiment of Portes, from 1708 was known under the name of Nevsky Dragoon Regiment, from 1733 known as the Life Cuirassier Regiment
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Hermitage
HERMITAGE, State Museum (32-38 Dvortsovaya Embankment) is one of the biggest museums in the world, exhibiting art as well as cultural and historical objects. It consists of 5 inter-connected buildings: the Winter Palace, the Small Hermitage
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Hermitage Buildings (entry)
HERMITAGE BUILDINGS. Hermitages were compulsory for all large court estates such as Peterhof and Tsarskoe Selo built as detached pavilions for confidential meetings from the early 18th century
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Hermitage Theatre
HERMITAGE THEATRE at 32 Dvortsovaya Embankment is a monument of 18th century architecture, is part of the complex of Hermitage buildings. It is the only 18th century theatre hall preserved in St. Petersburg
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Hero-city Park
HERO-CITY PARK is situated in the south of St. Petersburg, between Pulkovskoe Highway, Moscovskoe Highway and Dunaysky Avenue. It was laid out on the site of orchards and vegetable gardens in 1972-80 and had an area of 25 hectares
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Heroic Defenders of Leningrad, Monument to
HEROIC DEFENDERS OF LENINGRAD, MONUMENT TO was opened in the Pobedy Square 9 June 1975 (the metro station memorial hall was opened 23 February 1978). Architectural-sculptural composition is dominated by a 48-metre obelisk assembled from blocks of
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Herzen A.I. (1812-1870), revolutionary publicist
HERZEN Alexander Ivanovich (1812-1870), revolutionary, publicist, writer, philosopher. He graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at Moscow University (1833). He came to St
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Hessen A.E. (1917- 2001 ), architect-restorer
Hessen Alexander Ernestovich (1917, Petrograd - 2001, St. Petersburg), architect, restorer, one of the founders of the school of scientific architectural restoration in Leningrad. He graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts (1939)
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Hessen I. V. (1865/66-1943), public figure
HESSEN Iosif Vladimirovich (1865-1943), lawyer, public and political figure. In 1885 he enrolled at the Faculty of Law of the Petersburg University, and was arrested the same year for ties with People's Liberty and exiled to Ust-Sysolsk
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Highest Organs of State Power (entry)
HIGHEST ORGANS OF STATE POWER. The first higher organ of state power to function in St. Petersburg was the Senate founded by Tsar Peter the Great in 1711. The Supreme Privy Council was founded under Empress Catherine I (1725-30)
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Hilferding P. (1710-1768), dancer, ballet master
HILFERDING Franz Antoine Christophe (1710- 1768), Austrian dancer, ballet master, teacher. Studied dancing in Paris under M. Blondy. In 1759-65, he held the post of court ballet master in St. Petersburg, staging over 20 ballets
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Hippodromes
HIPPODROMES. A hippodrome was built in 1861 in the north part of Krasnoe Selo (where in 1772 the first races in Russia were held) L.N. Tolstoy described it in his novel Anna Karenina (after 1945, a municipal forest park was laid out there)
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His Imperial Majesty's Cabinet
HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY'S CABINET, central state institution. Created in 1704 as Tsar Peter the Great's private cabinet, conducting the personal correspondence of Russian Emperors, managing their personal finances and property
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His Imperial Majesty's Escort
ESCORT, His Imperial Majesty's Personal Escort, a special guards unit, officially known as the Emperor's Personal Guard. The Escort was established in 1811 as a combined Cossack-Caucasian hundred
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Historical and Political Archives of St. Petersburg
HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL ARCHIVES OF ST. PETERSBURG, Central State Historical and Political Archives situated at 39 Tavricheskaya Street. The archives originated from the Commission for the Collection and Study of Materials on the History of the
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Historical Societies (entry)
HISTORICAL SOCIETIES, associations of historians, including both professionals and amateurs, aimed at studying and developing various historical issues. Most historical societies received imperial support during the 19th and early 20th centuries
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Historical Society of St. Petersburg University
HISTORICAL SOCIETY of St. Petersburg University founded in 1889 on the initiative of Professor N. I. Kareev, who became its permanent chairman. The society had its meetings at the Faculty of History and Philology
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Historical style (Eclecticism)
HISTORICAL STYLE (Eclecticism), architectural style of the 1830s-90s. The sense of Eclecticism is the free choice or the amalgamation of methods and motifs of a variety of historical styles, associatively expressing the purpose of buildings
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Historical-Philological Institute
HISTORICAL-PHILOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, an institution of higher education established in 1867 with the purpose of training teachers of ancient and modern European languages, philology, history and geography
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Hollerbach E. F. (1892-1942), Art Historian
HOLLERBACH Erich Fedorovich (1892, Tsarskoe Selo - 1942) art historian, literary critic, bibliophile. In 1911-17, he studied at the Psychoneurological Institute
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