Prisons (entry)

Categories / City Administration/Police, Prisons
PRISONS. The first prison in St. Petersburg (Convict gaol, or Convict yard, until 1732 under the jurisdiction of the Admiralty) was built in 1706 in the area of present-day Truda square. Since 1718, the dungeons of Peter and Paul Fortress were used for keeping of prisoners. In 1769, the Secret House of Alexeevsky ravelin was constructed. In the late 18th - early 20th centuries, roundhouse lockups attached to police departments or police stations were used as houses of detention. In 1823-24, the Lithuanian Castle was transformed into a city prison. A transit prison in the early 19th century was situated by the Discipline board of the city on Mokhovaya Street (not preserved), later, on the premises of the former workhouse on Demidov lane (not preserved, today Grivtsova Lane, the area of the houses Nos. 8-12), since the late 19th century, on Monastyrka River Embankment, 13-15 (1891-94, architect A.O. Tomishko). In 1832-36, the Humbling workhouse was built on Matisov Island after the project design of architect L.I. Charlemagne (Pryazhka River Embankment, 1; since the 1870s, the building was housing St Nicholas Mental Hospital). In 1871-1916, in Rzhevka (today 22 Poselkovaya Street) there functioned a reformatory school for juvenile offenders. The guardhouses (like Palace guardhouse, Admiralty guardhouse, Arsenal one, the guardhouse of the General Staff and others) played the role of military prisons. The same function was attributed to Ordonancehaus, a military bridewell in New Holland (1828-29, architect A.E. Staubert), a military prison on Nizhegorodskaya Street (currently, 39 Akademika Lebedeva Street; 1874-76, architect V.P. Lvov, military engineer G.S. Voynitsky), a military prison in Kronstadt. Special political prisons were attached to the Third Division (since 1880 The Police department by the Ministry of Internal Affairs) on the corner of Fontanka River Embankment and Panteleymonovskaya Street (today Pestelya Street; not preserved), to the Security Division (2 Gorokhovaya Street was rebuilt), by the headquarters of Gendarmerie Corps division (40 Furshtatskaya Street, the building in the yard; rebuilt). The remand prison of Trubetskoy bastion had served as the main political prison of the Russian Empire since 1874. In 1875 the House of Preliminary Detention was built, in 1880, the city Roundhouse on Alexandrovsky plats (today 1 Khokhryakova Street; architect N.L. Benois, built on in 1896-97, architect N.F. Becker), in 1890, the solitary confinement prison Kresty, in 1904, the Roundhouse of St. Petersburg district country council on Muravyevskaya Street (today 58 Tsymbalina Street), in 1913, female prison (9-11 Arsenalnaya Street). In the early 20th century, city prisons functioned in Peterhof and Tsarskoe Selo. At the time of February Revolition of 1917, the insurgents took over Petrograd prisons and released all prisoners (including criminals); at the same time Lithuanian Castle together with several police stations and the convict central prison in Shlisselburg fortress were burned down. Following October of 1917, the premises of Smolny Institute were used for the temporary custody of prisoners, as well as Naval Deryabinskie barracks (104 Bolshoy Avenue of Vasilievsky Island), Novocherkasskie barracks (4 Novocherkassky Avenue), detention facilities of Petrograd Cheka (2 Gorokhovaya Street). Since 1919 compulsory labour camps were established in former Chesmenskaya military alsmhouse (today 15 Gastello Street), Mikhaylovskaya clinical hospital (5 Bolshoy Sampsonievsky Avenue / 18 Botkinskaya Street), former orphan asylum at Razliv station. In the 1920s - early 1950s numerous victims of mass repressions were kept in Leningrad prisons. Political prisoners camps, united into Separate Camp Site-8, functioned in 1945-50 attached to the plants Krasnogvardeets (3 Instrumentalnaya Street), Ilyich (23 Krasnogvardeysky Lane), Russian Diesel (17 Vyborgskaya Embankment), Stepan Razin plant (9 Stepana Razina Street). In Kresty, the House of detention, at Leningrad shipbuilding factory (today scientific development and production association Almaz) experimental-design bureaus ("fly-by-nights") functioned, where imprisoned specialists worked. Today Kresty, Female and former Military prisons are employed as detention facilities. The former City Roundhouse (1 Khokhryakova Street) houses Central Prison Hospital (its popular name is Gaaz Hospital).

References: Никитин В. Н. Жизнь заключенных: Обзор петерб. тюрем и относящихся до них узаконений и адм. распоряжений. СПб., 1871; Гернет М. Н. История царской тюрьмы: В 5 т. 3-е изд. М., 1960-1963; Ленская Н. П. Из истории "дома у Цепного моста " // Освободительное движение в России. Саратов, 1989. Вып. 13. С. 124-138; Антонов В. В., Кобак А. В. Святыни Санкт-Петербурга: Ист.-церков. энцикл. СПб., 1996. Т. 3. С. 97-105; Барабанова А. И., Вершевская М. В., Тихонова Н. С. Тайны "русской Бастилии". СПб., 2000.

A. D. Margolis. Becker Nikolay Fedorovich
Benois Nikolay Leontievich
Charlemagne Ludwig Iosifovich
Lvov Vladislav Pavlovich
Shtaubert Alexander Egorovich
Tomishko (Tomishka) Antony Osipovich (Iosifovich)
Voynitsky Henrich Stanislavovich
Akademika Lebedeva St./Saint Petersburg, city, house 39
Arsenalnaya St./Saint Petersburg, city, house 9
Arsenalnaya St./Saint Petersburg, city, house 11
Bolshoy Ave of Vasilievsky Island/Saint Petersburg, city, house 104
Bolshoy Sampsonievsky Ave/Saint Petersburg, city, house 5
Botkinskaya St./Saint Petersburg, city, house 18
Fontanka River Embankment/Saint Petersburg, city
Furshtatskaya St./Saint Petersburg, city, house 40
Gastello St./Saint Petersburg, city, house 15
Gorokhovaya St./Saint Petersburg, city, house 2
Grivtsova Lane/Saint Petersburg, city, house 8
Grivtsova Lane/Saint Petersburg, city, house 10
Grivtsova Lane/Saint Petersburg, city, house 12
Instrumentalnaya Street/Saint Petersburg, city, house 3
Khokhryakova St./Saint Petersburg, city, house 1
Krasnogvardeisky Lane/Saint Petersburg, city, house 23
Mokhovaya St./Saint Petersburg, city
Monastyrka River Embankment/Saint Petersburg, city, house 15
Monastyrka River Embankment/Saint Petersburg, city, house 13
Novocherkassky Ave/Saint Petersburg, city, house 4
Pestelya St./Saint Petersburg, city, house 9
Poselkovaya St./Saint Petersburg, city, house 22
Pryazhka River Embankment/Saint Petersburg, city, house 1
Stepana Razina St./Saint Petersburg, city, house 9
Truda Square/Saint Petersburg, city
Tsimbalina St./Saint Petersburg, city, house 58
Vyborgskaya Embankment/Saint Petersburg, city, house 17
Петропавловская крепость
Никитин В. Н. Жизнь заключенных: Обзор петерб. тюрем и относящихся до них узаконений и адм. распоряжений. СПб., 1871
Гернет М. Н. История царской тюрьмы: В 5 т. 3-е изд. М., 1960-1963
Ленская Н. П. Из истории "дома у Цепного моста " // Освободительное движение в России. Саратов, 1989
Барабанова А. И., Вершевская М. В., Тихонова Н. С. Тайны "русской Бастилии". СПб., 2000
Антонов В. В., Кобак А. В. Святыни Санкт-Петербурга: Ист.-церков. энцикл.: В 3 т. СПб., 1994-1996 Admiralty
St. Peter and Paul fortress
St. Peter and Paul fortress
Alexeevsky Ravelin
Lithuanian Castle.
St. Nicholas Psychiatric Hospital
Commandant's Department (Ordonansgaus)
Commandant's Department (Ordonansgaus)
Third Division
Ministry of Internal Affairs
Trubetskoy Bastion
House of Preliminary Detention, prison
Kresty Prison.
February Revolution of 1917
Shlisselburg Fortress.
Smolny Institute
Russian Diesel Engine Plant
Almaz Central Design Bureau
1872
1875
1890