Lenin V.I. (1870-1924), revolutionary, statesman

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LENIN (real name Ulyanov) Vladimir Ilyich (1870-1924), political figure, statesman and writer. Upon graduating from the Simbirsk Gymnasium (1887), he entered the Faculty of Law of Kazan University; in the same year got involved in student protests and was expelled from the University. In 1891, he took an external lawyer degree at Petersburg University; in 1892-93, he assisted a lawyer in Samara, attended meetings of the People's Will, then of Marxist circles. After moving to St Petersburg (1893), he was engaged in workers' circles propaganda efforts, and was a founding member of the Petersburg League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class (1895). In 1894-95, he lived at 7 Kazachy Lane, then in building 1, where he was arrested in December 1895. He was kept at the Preliminary Detention House; in the spring of 1897, he was exiled to the Enisey Province. At the end of his exile in 1900 he went abroad, took part in the publication of the newspaper Iskra and the journal Zarya. At the Second Congress of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party (1903), he established and headed the Bolshevik faction. He was a member of the Central Committee of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Party starting November 1903. At the end of 1905, he returned to St Petersburg, edited the legal Bolshevik newspaper Novaya Zhizn. From December 1907, he moved abroad again. He returned to Petrograd on 3(16) April 1917, and was solemnly greeted at the Finland Railway Station. In April-June 1917, he lived at the flat of his sister and brother-in-law A. I. and M. T. Elizarov (48 Shirokaya Street, today Lenina Street), worked in the editorial office of the Pravda newspaper (2/32 Moika River Embankment), was part of the Central Committee and Petrograd Committee of Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Bolshevik Party, which settled in the Kschessinska Mansion in March 1917 without permission. Also upon his arrival in Petrograd, he proposed slogans for the transfer of power to the Soviets (peoples' councils), and prepared for a Socialist Revolution. After the failure of the Bolshevik declarations on 3-4 (16-17) July 1917, he went into hiding, living by Razliv Lake, near Sestroretsk and in Finland (July-September 1917). At the 16 (29) October 1917 meeting of the Central Committee of the Russian Social-Democratic Workers' Bolshevik Party, he urged an armed insurrection against the Provisional Government. Together with L. D. Trotsky, he led the October Revolution in Petrograd. At the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets he was elected Chairman of the Soviet of Peoples' Commissars. In November 1917 - March 1918, he lived and worked at Smolny. On 11 March 1918, he moved to Moscow along with all Soviet authorities. He came to Petrograd on 12-13 March 1919 for M. T. Elizarov's funeral, and in June of 1920 for the opening of the Second Congress of the Communist International. During the Civil War years, he was Chairman of the Soviet for the Defence of Workers and Peasant (from November 1919, the Soviet of Labour and Defence). At the insistence of his doctors, he lived near Moscow on the Gorky Estate from late 1922, and dictated his last articles and letters until March 1923; then, due to serious disease, he retired from political life. He died on 21 January 1924. On G. E. Zinoviev's initiative, Petrograd was renamed Leningrad on 26 January 1924 by a Decree of the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR. Many enterprises, institutions, a square, an avenue, streets and lanes were named after Lenin; there are nearly 100 monuments and 120 memorial plaques erected in his honour. The Museum of V. I. Lenin operated in 1937-92.

References: Владимир Ильич Ленин: Биогр. хроника, 1870-1924. 052 ., 1970-1985. Т. 1-13; Бондаревская Т. П., Великанова А. Я., Суслова Ф. М. Ленин в Петербурге - Петрограде: Места жизни и деятельности в городе и окрестностях. Л., 1980; Волкогонов Д. А. Ленин: Ист. портр.: В 2 кн. М., 1994; Пейн Р. Ленин: Жизнь и смерть. М., 2003.

A. G. Kalmykov. Elizarov Mark Timofeevich
Lenin (real name Ulyanov) Vladimir Ilyich
Trotsky (real name Bronstein) Lev Davidovich
Ulyanova-Elizarova Anna Ilyinichna
Zinovyev Grigory Evseevich
Bolshoy Kazachy Lane/Saint Petersburg, city, house 7
Lenina Square/Saint Petersburg, city
Lenina St./Saint Petersburg, city, house 48
Moika River Embankment/Saint Petersburg, city, house 32/2
Бондаревская Т. П., Великанова А. Я., Суслова Ф. М. Ленин в Петербурге - Петрограде: Места жизни и деятельности в городе и окрестностях. Л., 1980
Владимир Ильич Ленин: Биогр. хроника, 1870-1924. Т. 1-13. М., 1970-1985
Пейн Р. Ленин: Жизнь и смерть. М., 2003
Волкогонов Д. А. Ленин: Ист. портр.: В 2 кн. М., 1994 State University, St. Petersburg
Union of Struggle for Liberation of the Working Class, St. Petersburg
House of Preliminary Detention, prison
Novaya Zhizn (New Life), newspaper (1917-1918)
Pravda (The Truth), newspaper
Kschessinska Mansion
1917
1924