Military fortifications (general article)

Categories / Army. Navy/Quarters, Arsenals, Riding-halls, Guardhouses, etc.
Categories / Architecture/Architectural Monuments/Fortresses and Forts
FORTIFICATIONS, makeshift, or permanent engineering buildings intended for defence. Among the permanent fortifications were the St. Peter and Paul Fortress and the Admiralty Fortress in St. Petersburg, and Kronstadt Fortress at the approaches to the city. Makeshift fortifications were installed on the city outskirts during the Great Northern War of 1700-21, the Russo-Swedish War of 1788-90, and the Crimean War of 1853-56. In 1926-31, a fortified line was built along the frontier-line with Finland (destroyed in 1940). During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, fortifications were set at the approaches to Leningrad and within the city limits.

G. V. Kalashnikov. St. Peter and Paul fortress
Admiralty Fortress
Kronstadt Fortress