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Entries
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Bolshoy Gostiny Dvor
Bolshoy Gostiny Dvor
Categories /
Economy/Commerce
Categories /
Architecture/Architectural Monuments/Public Buildings and Edifices
BOLSHOY GOSTINY DVOR (35 Nevsky Prospect), the largest commercial enterprise of St. Petersburg. The first plan for a Gostiny Dvor (effectively, a large scale trading market) on Nevsky Prospect was developed in the late 1750s by the architect A. Rinaldi (never carried out). In 1757, the project for a two-storied Gostiny Dvor, was developed by the architect F. Rastrelli, this was approved and the construction started. In 1761, the plans were revised, as the merchants found it too expensive, the construction was handed over to architect J.-B. Vallin de la Mothe, who preserved the layout and general composition but redesigned the facade and with the assistance of the architect A.F. Kokorinovа planned a purely business construction in the early Neoclassical style. In 1785, the construction works were completed and the building received the name of the Bolshoy Gostiny Dvor, as it was located nearby to Small Gostiny Dvor (2 Chernysheva Lane, today Lomonosova Street) built in 1780s by architect G. Quarenghi. The trade in the Bolshoy Gostiny Dvor was carried out in stalls - cloth, fur, wool, fur coats, linen, silver, shoe, etc., in total there were over 100 shops. Gradually four main lines developed: Sukonnaya (today Nevskaya), Bolshaya Surovskaya (Perinnaya), Malaya Surovskaya (Lomonosovskaya), Zerkalnaya (Sadovaya). The total area of the Bolshoy Gostiny Dvor exceeded 53,000 square metres; the length along the perimeter was over one kilometre. In outer lines retail trade was conducted, in the inner shops - mainly wholesale. The upper story premises served mainly as warehouses. In the late 18th century Bolshoy Gostiny Dvor became a centre for the book trade. In 1797-1798, along Gostinaya Street one-and-a-half storied building with open arcades was constructed (demolished in 1963 because of metro construction, recreated in 2002). In 1802-06, a Doric column portico was attached to the Perinnaya Line (architect L.I. Rusca; demolished in 1963, reconstructed in 1972, architect M.I. Tolstov). By the centenary of Bolshoy Gostiny Dvor, celebrated in 1886-87, the facade decor from the side of Nevsky Prospect had been redesigned (architect Albert N. Benois). During the Siege of 1941-44, the building was extensively damaged; in 1944-48, it was reconstructed with approximately to the original form (architect O.L. Lyalin). In the course of the reconstruction of 1955-72 the inside walls were demolished, instead of 178 separate shops Gostiny Dvor department store was established (architects I.A. Vaks, L.S. Katonin, engineer M.I. Yunoshev). In the 1960s-80s, the floor space was over 15,000 square metres, there were seven trade departments, 122 sections, 61 warehouses; over 3,000 employees. In 1989-1998, reconstruction of the Nevsky Line was undertaken (architect D.Y. Melnik), on its premises the gallery of high fashion was opened. In 1994, the department store was transformed into an open joint-stock company Bolshoy Gostiny Dvor. In 1996, staircases and vestibules of Sadovaya, Perinnaya and Lomonosovskaya lines were renovated. The total area of the premises is 79,000 square metres, commodity circulation in 1999 is over 40 million US dollars; there are 2,500 employees working, including 1,350 shop assistants. The nearest metro stations are Gostiny Dvor and Nevsky Prospect. References: Богданов И. А. Большой Гостиный двор в Петербурге. СПб., 2001. I. A. Bogdanov.
Persons
Benois Albert Nikolaevich
Katonin Leonid Sergeevich
Kokorinov Alexander Filippovich
Lyalin Oleg Leonidovich
Melnik D.Y.
Quarenghi Giacomo
Rastrelli Francesco de
Rinaldi Antonio
Rusca Luigi (Aloisy Ivanovich)
Tolstov M.I.
Vaks Iosif Alexandrovich
Vallin de la Mothe Jean Baptiste Michel
Yunoshev Mikhail Ionikievich
Addresses
Lomonosova St./Saint Petersburg, city, house 2
Nevsky prospect/Saint Petersburg, city, house 35
Perinnaya Line/Saint Petersburg, city
Bibliographies
Богданов И. А. Большой Гостиный двор в Петербурге. СПб., 2001
The subject Index
Siege of 1941-44
Chronograph
1757
1785
1853
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Brokgauz-Efron, publishing house, 1889-1930
BROKGAUZ-EFRON, a publishing house established in 1889 on the initiative of S.A. Vengerov by a St. Petersburg printer I.A. Efron and Leipzig Publishing Company of F.A. Brokgauz
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Catherine II (1729-1796), Empress
Catherine II (1729-1796, St. Petersburg), Empress (from 1761), wife of Emperor Peter III (1745). Nee Sophie Augusta Frederica of Anhalt-Zerbst. Lived in St. Petersburg from 1744, coming to power by dethroning her husband (1762)
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Commerce (general)
COMMERCE. Favorably located, St. Petersburg has always played a major role in the country’s foreign trade (see Sea Port). The life of the city itself has been mainly supported by home trade, retail trade above all
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Fires (entry)
FIRES. Especially common in the first years of St. Petersburg's existence. The first large fire happened in 1710 on Troitskaya Square. A prohibition against constructing wooden houses within city limits was issued in 1727
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Gostiny Dvor
GOSTINY DVOR (Trading Court), a trading center made up of rows of shops. The first city market of this kind consisting of numerous wooden shops appeared in Berezovy (Gorodskoy) Island near the present-day Troitskaya Square
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Hastie V.I. (1753-1832), architect.
Hastie Vasily Ivanovich (William) (1753-1832), architect. Native of Switzerland, in 1784 he came to Russia by invitation of C. Cameron, settling in Tsarskoye Selo on Angliiskaya Street
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Konovnitsyn P.P., Civilian Governor
KONOVNITSYN Peter Petrovich (1743 or 1744-1796), statesman, Lieutenant General (1786). He graduated from the Naval Gentry Cadets' College in St. Petersburg (1762)
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Kukhmisterskayas (cook-shops)
KUKHMISTERSKAYAS (from the German Kuchenmeister, or cook). Cafeterias or cheap restaurants, established to "meet the needs of low class clerks and other poor men", as well as to provincials arriving to St. Petersburg
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Nevsky Prospect
NEVSKY PROSPECT known as Bolshaya Pershpektivnaya Road or Bolshaya Pershpektiva until 1738, Nevskaya Prospektivaya Street or Nevskaya Perspektiva in 1738-1780s, and 25 October Avenue in 1918-44 so named in memory of the October Revolution of 1917
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Panoramas (entry)
PANORAMAS, 1) A genre of fine art. The first panoramic view of St. Petersburg was created by artist A. F. Zubov in 1716. The most famous panoramas include: The Splendid Avenues by artist M. I. Makhaev (1753), Panorama of St. Petersburg by J. A
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Perinnaya Line
PERINNAYA LINE lying along Bolshoy Gostiny Dvor between Nevsky Prospect and Lomonosova Street. In the mid-to-late 19th century, it was known as Surovskaya, or Bolshaya Surovskaya, Line (Textile Line) so named because of the goods sold in the line
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Public Lavatory
PUBLIC LAVATORY. Since the early 18th century, primitive latrines were arranged on the territory of gostiny dvors, markets, ports, and along river and canal banks
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Rainbow Publishing House, 1922-1930
RAINBOW Publishing House was founded in 1922. Journalist L. M. Klyachko was its creator and owner. The main office was situated in the Bolshoy Gostiny Dvor, the editorial board was housed in the flat of Klyachko (14 Stremyannaya Street)
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Rinaldi А. (1709-1794), architect
RINALDI Antonio (around 1709-1794), architect of Italian descent. Studied in Naples under L. Vanvitelli. From 1752 served under Hetman K.G. Razumovsky in Malorussia (Little Russia, otherwise known as Ukraine). Since 1754 resided in St
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Sadovaya Street
SADOVAYA STREET (from 1923 to 1944 - Third of July Street, the section from Italyanskaya Street up to Ekaterininsky Canal; from the 1730s to 1887, it was known as Bolshaya Sadovaya Street; the part from Moika River Embankment to Italyanskaya Street
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Second-Hand Book Trade (entry)
SECOND-HAND BOOK TRADE or bouquiniste trade (from the French word bouquin - an old book). From the time of the opening of the book trade in St. Petersburg at the beginning of the 18th century
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Serafim Vyritsky (1866-1949), venerable
SERAFIM VYRITSKY (lay name Vasily Nikolaevich Muravyev) (1866-1949), a saint of the Russian Orthodox Church. In boyhood he moved to St. Petersburg where he worked in the Gostiny Dvor (merchant's court)
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Taxi
TAXI (borrowed into Russian from the word derived from English tax), motor vehicles transporting passengers for a fee. Private taxicabs appeared in St. Petersburg in the autumn of 1908, at the same time carrier joint-stock companies sprang up
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Tsentralny (Central) District
TSENTRALNY (CENTRAL) DISTRICT, an administrative-territorial entity within St. Petersburg, with the territorial administration situated at 176 Nevsky Prospect. The district was set up in 1994, when Smolninsky District
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Vallin de la Mothe J.-B.M. (1729-1800), architect.
VALLIN DE LA MOTHE Jean Baptiste Michel (1729-1800), French architect. Is thought to have studied under the supervision of his cousin, architect J.F. Blondel. In 1750-52, he further perfected his skills in Italy
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Wolf M.O. (1825-1883), publisher
WOLF Mavriky Osipovich (Boleslav Maurytzy) (1825-1883, St. Petersburg), publisher and book-seller. He graduated from a gymnasium in Warsaw in 1838. He lived in St. Petersburg from 1848. Wolf set up his own company under the label M.O
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