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Blagoev's Group

BLAGOEV'S GROUP (the Party of Russian Social Democrats from 1884, the Petersburg Group of the Party of Russian Social Democrats from 1885), one of the first social-democratic groups in Russia. It was founded by D. Blagoev, N.P. Andreev, G.N

Brusnev's Group

BRUSNEV'S GROUP (Central Working Committee, Working Union), one of the first social-democratic organizations in Russia. It was founded in 1889 under the guidance of student M. I. Brusnev

Byloe (The Olden Times), journal

BYLOE (The Olden Times), a monthly journal on the history of the liberation movement in Russia, the first legal journal on this subject in the country. It came out from 1906-07 and 1917-26 with a circulation of approximately 30,000 in 1906-07

Cherny Peredel, revolutionary organizations

CHERNY PEREDEL (Black Repartition), a revolutionary populist organization that came into existence in the summer of 1879 after the split of Zemlya i Volya. Its founders were G.V. Plekhanov, V.I. Zasulich, L.G. Deutsch, P.B. Axelrod, V.N. Ignatov, O

First of March 1887

FIRST OF MARCH 1887 (The Second First of March, by analogy with the First of March 1881), the day of the attempt on the life of the Emperor Alexander III. It was prepared by members of the Terrorist Faction of People's Will, created in 1886 by A.I

First of March, 1881

FIRST OF MARCH 1881, the day Emperor Alexander II was assassinated, prepared and accomplished by the party People's Will. The plan included exploding the Emperor's carriage on its way to the Mikhailovsky Manege

Illegal Printing Offices

ILLEGAL PRINTING OFFICES opened in St. Petersburg by revolutionary organizations to print illegal press such as periodicals, brochures, and leaflets. A printing office would be organized in a rented apartment

Kazansky Demonstrations

KAZANSKY DEMONSTRATIONS, mass political gatherings on the square in front of Kazan Cathedral on 6 December 1876. The first political demonstration in Russia was held here, organized by the secret society Land and Liberty (Zemlya i Volya)

Kronstadt Rebellions of 1905-1906

KRONSTADT REBELLIONS of 1905-1906, mass armed demonstration by Kronstadt sailors and soldiers in the period of the Revolution of 1905-07. The Rebellion of 1905 was preceded by a spontaneous demonstration made by the garrison in September of the same

May Strikes ("Maevki").

MAY STRIKES ("Maevki"), secret gatherings of workers in the suburbs during pre-revolutionary Russia, in honour of the international workers solidarity celebration on 1 May, called May Day

Narodnaya Volya

NARODNAYA VOLYA (People's Will), the largest revolutionary public organization of the late 1870-80s. Originated in June 1879 as a result of the disunity among members of Zemlya i Volya

Nevskaya Strike (1870)

NEVSKAYA STRIKE (1870),a workers' strike at the Nevskaya Cotton Manufactory (today it is part of the Kirov Spinning-Filar Industrial Complex). One of the first economic strikes in Russia

Northern Union of Russian Workers

NORTHERN UNION OF RUSSIAN WORKERS, the first underground revolutionary organization of workers in St. Petersburg. It was founded in 1876 with D.N. Smirnov, A.E. Gorodnichy, V.I. Savelyev, and S.I. Volkov at the head

October General Political Strike of 1905

GENERAL POLITICAL STRIKE OF OCTOBER 1905 was part of the All-Russian October political strike held under the slogans of overthrowing autocracy and demanding democratic liberties

Partnership of St. Petersburg Artisans

PARTNERSHIP OF ST. PETERSBURG ARTISANS (Tochissky Group), one of the first Marxist organizations in Russia founded by P.V. Tochissky, D.V. Lazarev, L.L. and E.L. Breitfus in 1885, the name given in 1886. The members of the partnership were workers N

Petersburg Industrial War 1896

PETERSBURG INDUSTRIAL WAR 1896, the name given by Lenin to the Petersburg textile-workers' strike prepared by the Petersburg League of the Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class

Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Deputies

PETERSBURG SOVIET OF WORKERS' DEPUTIES, formed on 13 October 1905 during the General Strike of October 1905. The founding sitting of the Soviet, with the participation of 40 delegates from factories and plants from all over the capital

Petrashevsky Circle

PETRASHEVSKY CIRCLE, visitors of Friday meetings held by M.V. Petrashevsky. The meetings began in 1844 to become weekly from the autumn of 1845. Attended by officials, literati, officers, painters, and students

Political Trials of 1860-80s

POLITICAL TRIALS of 1860-80s, state trials that played the key role in the autocratic penal policy after the judicial reform of 1864. Most cases were tried in the Special Office of the Ruling Senate, doors closed and publicity confined

Revolution of 1905-07

REVOLUTION OF 1905-07. The first people's bourgeois-democratic revolution in Russia. Caused by socioeconomic contradictions and the country's political development following the reforms of 1860s-70s

Union of Struggle for Liberation of the Working Class, St. Petersburg

UNION OF STRUGGLE FOR LIBERATION OF THE WORKING CLASS, St. Petersburg, one of the largest social democratic organizations in 1890s. It was founded in 1895 as a number of Marxist circles joined together and operated in close contact with the Group of

Zemlya i Volya (Land and Liberty) of 1860s

ZEMLYA I VOLYA (Land and Liberty) of 1860s, a secret revolutionary society that was founded in St. Petersburg in 1861 with its Central Committee and St. Petersburg Committee operating in the capital. N.A. and A.A. Serno-Solovyevichs, A.A

Zemlya i Volya (Land and Liberty) of 1870s

ZEMLYA I VOLYA (Land and Liberty) of 1870s, an illegal revolutionary organization that was founded in St. Petersburg in 1876 as the Northern Revolutionary Group of Narodniks (Populists) or the Society of Narodniks renamed in 1878








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