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Prostitution
PROSTITUTION, the rendering of sexual services in return for money. In the 18th to the early 19th century, prostitution in St. Petersburg existed illegally; owners of brothels were foreigners
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Ration Cards
RATION CARDS. Documents allowing the regular receipt of a certain amount of food from the State Trading Network at a fixed price under conditions of famine or drastic food shortages
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Ravdonikas V.I. (1894-1976), archaeologist
RAVDONIKAS Vladislav Iosifovich (1894-1976, Leningrad), archaeologist, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR from 1946. He was interested in archaeology from the mid-1910s and dug in Tikhvinsky Uyezd (District)
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Raznochintsy
RAZNOCHINTSY, a social-professional group making up part of the population of St. Petersburg in the 19th century. Until 1835, citizens who were Raznochintsy (intellectuals not bearing a noble title) were not registered as being of any particular
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Resettlement of 1944-45
RESETTLEMENT OF 1944-45, the return back to Leningrad of population and material values that were evacuated in 1941-43. The resettlement was launched after the Lifting of the Siege (January 1944), when about 600,000 people were living in the city
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Revised Censuses
REVISED CENSUSES, a census of the taxpayers of Russia (including St. Petersburg) in the 18th to the 1st half of the 19th centuries. The revisions counted the number of peasants, townspeople, but did not include women or non tax-payers
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Russian Ethnographical Museum
RUSSIAN ETHNOGRAPHICAL MUSEUM, at 4а Inzhenernaya Street, was established in 1902 as the Ethnographical Department of the Russian Museum. The museum was opened in 1923. It became independent in 1934 as the State Museum of Ethnography
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Russians
RUSSIANS, the basic ethnic community of St. Petersburg. The Russian language is related to the Slavic group of Indo-European languages. Their faith is Orthodox. In the 18th century Russians comprised 90% of the population of St. Petersburg
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Rybalchenko S.D. (1903-1986), military commander, general
RYBALCHENKO Stepan Dmitrievich (1903-1986), Soviet military commander, Colonel General of the Air Force (1944). From 1918 served in the Red Army, participated in the Civil War
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Servants
SERVANTS, professional social group forming a part of the St. Petersburg population, consisted mainly of peasants who came to the capital in search for work (see Otkhodniki), the smaller part was comprised of petty bourgeoisie
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Service Teams
SERVICE TEAMS, voluntary youth units for local air defence, formed to support Leningrad citizens during the siege of 1941-44. The first service team was formed in February 1942 on the initiative of the Primorsky District Committee of the All-Union
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Simonyak N.P. (1901-1956), military commander, General
SIMONYAK Nikolay Pavlovich (1901-1956, St. Petersburg), miltary commander, Lieutenant General (1944), Hero of the Sovit Union (1943). From 1918 in the service in the Red Army. Participated in the Civil War of 1917-22
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Sobchak A.A. chairman of Leningrad Soviet, mayor in 1990-96
SOBCHAK Anatoly Alexandrovich (1937-2000), statesman and public figure, doctor of law (1982), professor (1982). He graduated from the School of Law of Leningrad State University (1959). Sobchak worked for the Stavropol Regional College of Lawyers
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Soviet-Finnish War, 1939-40
SOVIET-FINNISH WAR OF 1939-40 (also known as the Winter War), part of World War II, launched by the Soviet government shortly after the Soviet-German Border and Friendship Treaty was signed in September 1939
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Spassky Gorodensky Principality
SPASSKY GORODENSKY PRINCIPATE was one of the Orekhovsky District's principalities in Votic fifth on the territory of Novgorod. In the 15th -17th centuries, the complete right bank of the Neva (including the Lakhta Region and Nevsky Settlement) and a
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Spiridonov I.V. the 1st secretary of the regional party committee in 1957-62
SPIRIDONOV Ivan Vasilievich (1905-1991), Soviet statesman and party worker. Since 1928 a member of All-Union Communist Party (bolshevist). In 1925-39 he was a worker at Leningrad plants
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Sternberg L.Y., (1861-1927), ethnographer
STERNBERG Lev (Haim) Yakovlevich (1861-1927, Duderhof now renamed as the settlement of Mozhaysky, Leningrad Region), an ethnographer, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1924
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Students
STUDENTS of higher and specialised secondary education institutions. The term was adopted in the 18th century to designate those studying at the Academic University
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Swedes
SWEDES, an ethnic community forming a part of the St. Petersburg population. Believers practice Lutheranism. The Swedes attempted to take control of the Neva Region from the 13th century onwards (see the Battle of the Neva 1240, Landskrona)
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Tanya Savicheva, Diary of
TANYA SAVICHEVA, DIARY OF. One of the most tragic symbols of the Siege of 1941-44, the Diary of Tanya Savicheva was a notebook belonging to a Leningrad schoolgirl named Tatyana Nikolayevna Savicheva (1930-44)
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Tartars
TARTARS, an ethnic community forming a part of the St. Petersburg population. The Tartar language is related to the Turkish group of Altaic languages. Their faith is Sunni Islam. The Tartars participated in the construction of St. Petersburg
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Townspeople (Posadsky)
TOWNPEOPLE (POSADSKY), name of the taxpayer populations (including St. Petersburg) in the 17th - the early 18th century. From 1721 townspeople were officially named "citizens", divided on regular lines of status - individuals possessing capital
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Trade Route between the Varangians and the Greeks
TRADE ROUTE BETWEEN THE VARANGIANS AND THE GREEKS was a route connecting Scandinavia (Varangians) with Byzantium (Greeks). It started from the Baltic Sea, passed along the Neva River, Ladoga Lake, the Volkhov River, Ilmen Lake, the Lovat River
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Treasures, Archaeological
TREASURES, ARCHAEOLOGICAL. Sets of objects buried in the ground or other out-of-the-way places by their owners. In St. Petersburg and its outskirts, archaeological treasures have been found repeatedly throughout the course of various construction
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Tributs V.F.(1900-1977), Admiral
TRIBUTS Vladimir Fillippovich (1900, St. Petersburg 1977), military commander, Admiral (1943), Doctor of History (1972). Graduated from Petrograd Military School for Medical Assistants (1917), was a medic assistant in the combined regiment of P.E
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Ukrainians
Ukrainians, an ethnic community forming a part of the St. Petersburg population. Ukrainian language is related to the Slavonic group of Indo-European languages. Their faith is Orthodox. The formation of the Ukrainian community in St
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Veps
VEPS, an ethnic community in Leningrad Region (Boxitogorsky, Lodeinopolsky, Podporozhsky districts), South Karelia and Western Vologodskaya Region. The Veps language belongs to the Finno-Ugric group of the Uralic language family
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Voroshilov K.E. (1881-1969), statesman, marshal
VOROSHILOV Kliment Efremovich (1881-1969), Soviet statesman and military officer, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1935), Hero of the Soviet Union (1956, 1968), Hero of Socialist Labour (1960)
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Votes
VOTES, an ethnic group descendent from the ancient population of of Votia in Ingria. The Votic language is related to the Finno-Ugric group of the Uralic language group and is close to Estonian
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Votic Fifth
VOTIC FIFTH (Vodskaya Pyatina), one of five administrative-territorial entities of Novgorod Land, which were subdivided into principalities, regions and districts
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