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Orlovsky E.S. (1929 - 2003), human rights activist
ORLOVSKY Ernest Semenovich (1929, Leningrad - 2003, St. Petersburg) was a human rights activist. He graduated from the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics of Leningrad State University (1952)
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Orphanages (entry)
ORPHANAGE for children, charitable educational institutions established in 1837-1917, offering 24-hour or day only shelter and primary education for poor children from 3 to 10 years of age
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Palace Coups (entry)
PALACE COUPS is a term used for coups of the state from the 18th to the beginning of the 19th centuries, in which persons not possessing a formal right to Imperial power usurped it
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Panina S.V. (1871-1957), political figure
PANINA Sofia Vladimirovna, (1871, St. Petersburg - 1957), countess, educator and patron of the arts, political and public figure. Came from the family of Count Panin. Panina was one of the wealthiest women in Russia
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Partnership of St. Petersburg Artisans
PARTNERSHIP OF ST. PETERSBURG ARTISANS (Tochissky Group), one of the first Marxist organizations in Russia founded by P.V. Tochissky, D.V. Lazarev, L.L. and E.L. Breitfus in 1885, the name given in 1886. The members of the partnership were workers N
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Patronage of Art (entry)
PATRONAGE OF ART is disinterested financial and other forms of participation in the culture, science, and assistance to figures of science and culture. The beginning for patronage of art in St
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Perestroika (Restructuring), club
PERESTROIKA (Restructuring), multi-disciplinary club, initiated in 1987 for the support "from below" of the restructuring policy proclaimed by M.S. Gorbachev and the realization of the concept of socialist-type people's self-government
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Perovskaya S.L., (1853-1881), revolutionary
PEROVSKAYA Sofia Lvovna (1853, St. Petersburg - 1881), Revolutionary Populist. From the aristocratic noble family; father, Lev Nikolaevich Perovsky (1816-1890), was Petersburg Civil Governor in 1865-66
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Pestel P.I., (1793-1926), Decembrist
PESTEL Pavel Ivanovich (1793-1826, St. Petersburg), Decembrist, colonel. In 1810-11 studied at Page Corps. Took part in the Patriotic War of 1812 and foreign campaigns of 1813-14
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Petersburg Industrial War 1896
PETERSBURG INDUSTRIAL WAR 1896, the name given by Lenin to the Petersburg textile-workers' strike prepared by the Petersburg League of the Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class
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Petrashevsky Circle
PETRASHEVSKY CIRCLE, visitors of Friday meetings held by M.V. Petrashevsky. The meetings began in 1844 to become weekly from the autumn of 1845. Attended by officials, literati, officers, painters, and students
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Petrashevsky M.V. (1821-1866), revolutionary
PETRASHEVSKY (Butashevich-Petrashevsky) Mikhail Vasilievich (1821, St. Petersburg 1866), public figure. In 1836-40 studied at Tsarskoselsky Lyceum, in 1840-41 – audited classes at the Faculty of Law of Petersburg University; received an academic
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Petrograd Bureau of the Central Committee of Russian Communist Party (of Bolsheviks)
PETROGRAD BUREAU OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF RUSSIAN COMMUNIST PARTY (OF BOLSHEVIKS), established no later than 8 March 1918 in connection with the move of the Central Committee of Russian Communist Party (of Bolsheviks) and the Soviet of People's
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Petrograd Defence of 1919
PETROGRAD DEFENCE OF 1919. Military operations aimed to protect Petrograd in May-December 1919, during the Civil War. The enemy had planned to seize the city with White Guards and Estonian troops under the command of General N.N
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Petrograd Fighter Organization
PETROGRAD FIGHTER ORGANIZATION, Tagantsev's Plot, the Case of Tagantsev) was the mythical counter-revolutionary organization, which had supposedly existed in Petrograd in the early 1920s
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Petrunkevich I. I. (1844-1928), public figure
PETRUNKEVICH Ivan Ilyich (1844-1928) was a public figure and statesman. He was a father-in-law of Countess S.V. Panina. On graduating from the Faculty of Law of St
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Philanthropic Society, Imperial
IMPERIAL PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETY, the largest charitable establishment of the19th - early 20th centuries in Russia. Founded on 16 May 1802 by Emperor Alexander I as the Beneficial Society for providing the poor with assistance of all kinds on
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Pimenov R.I. (1931-1990), mathematician, human rights activist
PIMENOV Revolt Ivanovich (1931-1990), political scientist, human rights activist, Ph.D. (Doctor of Mathematics) (1969). Lived in Leningrad since 1948 (42 Voinova Street, today Shpalernaya Street)
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Plekhanov G.V. (1856-1918), revolutionist
PLEKHANOV Georgy Valentinovich (1856-1918), political figure, publicist. Upon graduating from Voronezh Military School (1873), entered Konstantinovsky Military College
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Podvoysky N.I. (1880-1948), a revolutionist, statesman and military leader
PODVOYSKY Nikolay Ilyich (1880-1948), Soviet party worker and statesman. Graduated from the Demidov School of Law in Yaroslavl (1905). From 1907, he was in St Petersburg; in 1908, he was one of the leaders of the Zerno Bolshevik Publishing House
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Political Opposition in Leningrad
POLITICAL OPPOSITION of 1930-80s is the general name for independent unions or groups of people consciously opposing the Soviet power. Contemporary research distinguishes between external and internal political opposition on the basis of their
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Political Parties (entry)
POLITICAL PARTIES, groups of people united by political opinions and goals fixed in party documents; possessing certain membership requirements, internal structure and types of activities stated in the regulations; relying on a certain social base
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Political Persecution
POLITICAL PERSECUTION refers to large-scale punitive measures organized by the Soviet Government from October 1917 on with a purpose of physical removal of real or potential political opponents
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Political Trials of 1860-80s
POLITICAL TRIALS of 1860-80s, state trials that played the key role in the autocratic penal policy after the judicial reform of 1864. Most cases were tried in the Special Office of the Ruling Senate, doors closed and publicity confined
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Popkov P.S. the 1st secretary of the regional party committee in 1946-49
POPKOV Peter Sergeevich (1903-1950), statesman and party worker. In 1917-25 he worked as a joiner in Vladimir. Since 1925, a member of All-Union Communist Party (bolshevist)
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Potresov A. N. (1869-1934), Social Democrat, Menshevik
POTRESOV Alexander Nikolaevich (1869-1934) public figure and publicist. On graduating from the Department of Natural History of the Faculty Of Physics And Mathematics of St
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Prokopovich S. N. (1871-1955), public figure
PROKOPOVICH Sergey Nikolaevich (1871-1955) was a public figure, economist, statistician, a theorist of cooperation, Ph. D. in philosophy from Bern University (1913)
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Purishkevich V. M. (1870-1920), public and political figure
PURISHKEVICH Vladimir Mitrofanovich (1870-1920) was a public figure, publicist, and Full State Counsellor (1912). He graduated from the Department of Classics at the Faculty of History and Philosophy of Novorossiisk University (Odessa, 1895)
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Rasputin G. E. (1869-1916)
RASPUTIN Grigory Efimovich (1869-1916, Petrograd), religious preacher from a Siberian peasant family, spiritual tutor and close friend of the family of Emperor Nicholas II. In his religious views he was close to the so-called Khlysts
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Red Guards
RED GUARDS, the main organization of the working class' armed forces in Petrograd at the time of the 1917 Revolution and the first period of the Civil War. The first Red Guards detachments were created in Petrograd factories after the February
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