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Ice House
ICE HOUSE, or ICE PALACE, was constructed in December 1739 - January 1740 (architect P.M. Eropkin, engineer G.V. Kraft) by the order of Empress Anna Ioannovna at the bank of the Neva, near the Winter Palace, to celebrate the mock wedding of prince M
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Intelligentsia
INTELLIGENTSIA, a social group forming a part of the St. Petersburg population, individuals engaged in intellectual work and possessing high educational qualifications (subdivided into creative work, science, and manufacturing)
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Italians
ITALIANS, an ethnic community forming a part of the St. Petersburg population. The Italian language belongs to the Romance group of Indo-European languages. Believers are Catholic
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Izhorians
IZHORIANS, ethnic community, descendants of the ancient population of Ingria. Their language is related to the Finno-Ugric group of Uralic language family. Divided from southern Karelian tribes in the end of the first millennium
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Jews
JEWS, an ethnic community within the St. Petersburg population. Hebrew is related to the Semitic group of Afrasian languages, Yiddish (was spread throughout the majority of eastern Russia) is related to the Germanic group of Indo-European family of
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Jubilee of St. Petersburg
JUBILEE of St. Petersburg (City Day) is an annual celebration in honour of the foundation of St. Petersburg. Since 1983, it has taken place on the final weekend of May. It includes a broad variety of festivities (concerts, processions, etc
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Labourers
LABOURERS, a social group forming a part of the St. Petersburg population - hired personnel for factories and plants, engaged in physical labour, and also individuals engaged in building and transport
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Latvians
LATVIANS, an ethnic community forming a part of the St. Petersburg population. The Latvian language belongs to the Baltic group of Indo-European language family. Believers are Lutherans and Catholics. The Latvian community in St
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Manufactured Mineral Water House
MANUFACTURED MINERAL WATER HOUSE, founded in 1834 in Novaya Derevnya (Primorsky Avenue, former Novoderevenskaya Embankment) as a medical institution containing mineral waters from 30 springs (house physician Y.F. Arnzte)
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Masquerades
MASQUERADES, masquerade balls. A sort of a carnival where people wear masks. In Russia masquerades were put into practice by Tsar Peter the Great in the early 18th century (the larks of Drunkumenical Council
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Menageries (entry)
MENAGERIES. 1) In the beginning of the 18th century - hunting areas in the appendages of tsar's property. In 1718 a menagerie like that was established in Sarskaya farmstead (see Tsarskoe Selo)
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Merchants
MERCHANTS, a social group forming a part of the St. Petersburg population, individuals engaged in trade and industrial activities. In the first half of the 18th century merchants came in among the "planted people
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Military Personnel
MILITARY PERSONNEL, socio-professional group forming a part of the St. Petersburg population, uniting individuals in military service. Military personnel made up a meaningful part of the city's population from the outset of its foundation
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Noble Assembly
NOBLE ASSEMBLY, public club establishment, originating from the so-called Merchants Assembly that was founded in 1782 by a group consisting mainly of German merchants who had resigned from the Burger Club (Petty Bourgeois Assembly, or Schuster Club)
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Nobles
NOBLES, a social group within the St. Petersburg population. Nobility was a strict class that was divided by inheritance, and those who had received their title by merit for service (without the right to pass on their title through inheritance)
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Opening of the Neva River for Navigation
OPENING OF THE NEVA RIVER FOR NAVIGATION, an official holiday from the beginning of the 18th - beginning of the 20th century, celebrating the Neva's clearing from ice and the beginning of the Neva Shipping
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Orgnabor
ORGNABOR, organized hiring of workers to industrial enterprises. The orgnabor was launched by the resolution of TsIK (Central Executive Committee) and SNK (Soviet of People's Commissars) of the USSR On “otkhodnichestvo” issued on June 30, 1931
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Otkhodniki
OTKHODNIKI, seasonal workers (mainly peasants), who came to St. Petersburg in search of work. Otkhodniki appeared in the city at the beginning of the 18th century and took part in the city's construction
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Palace for Young Creativity
PALACE FOR YOUNG CREATIVITY (until 1990 - Leningrad City Pioneer Palace, to 1991 - Leningrad City Palace of Youth Creativity) (39 Nevsky Prospect), opened on 12.2
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Panoramas (entry)
PANORAMAS, 1) A genre of fine art. The first panoramic view of St. Petersburg was created by artist A. F. Zubov in 1716. The most famous panoramas include: The Splendid Avenues by artist M. I. Makhaev (1753), Panorama of St. Petersburg by J. A
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Peasants
PEASANTS, a social group forming a part of the St. Petersburg population. Until 1917, the peasant class was one of the social classes that made its members dependent on their place of inhabitancy and work. In 1869, there were 207,000 peasants in St
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Poles
POLES, an ethnic community forming a part of the St. Petersburg population. The Polish language is related to the Slavic group of Indo-European languages. Their faith is Catholic. The Polish community in St
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Popular Carnivals
POPULAR CARNIVALS, one of the forms of mass popular entertainment. In the 18th- 19th centuries up to 30 carnivals were arranged in St. Petersburg annually. Representatives of all the estates and even members of the royal family took part in them
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Population Censuses (entry)
POPULATION CENSUSES, conducted in St. Petersburg since the second half of the 19th century. Distinct from the revised census, the census took into account all groups of the population (both subjects and non-subjects)
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Population (entry)
POPULATION of St. Petersburg is the second largest in the Russian Federation after Moscow. From the 18th to the start of the 20th centuries the population continually grew: in 1725 - 40,000 people, in 1750 - 74,000; in 1800 - 220,000; in 1818 - 386
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Prostitution
PROSTITUTION, the rendering of sexual services in return for money. In the 18th to the early 19th century, prostitution in St. Petersburg existed illegally; owners of brothels were foreigners
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Public Halls (entry)
PUBLIC HALLS, a special premise for informal mass events. The first public hall was arranged in banker A.A. Ral's house (On the Moika River Embankment, beside Red Bridge; not preserved)
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Raznochintsy
RAZNOCHINTSY, a social-professional group making up part of the population of St. Petersburg in the 19th century. Until 1835, citizens who were Raznochintsy (intellectuals not bearing a noble title) were not registered as being of any particular
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Revised Censuses
REVISED CENSUSES, a census of the taxpayers of Russia (including St. Petersburg) in the 18th to the 1st half of the 19th centuries. The revisions counted the number of peasants, townspeople, but did not include women or non tax-payers
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Russians
RUSSIANS, the basic ethnic community of St. Petersburg. The Russian language is related to the Slavic group of Indo-European languages. Their faith is Orthodox. In the 18th century Russians comprised 90% of the population of St. Petersburg
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