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2nd Strike Army
2ND STRIKE ARMY, an armed forces unit of the USSR. Formed in December 1941 along the Volkhov Front for offensive action, to break through the Siege of Leningrad. In January – July 1942, during the Lyuban Offensive, it was encircled and defeated
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8th Army
8th ARMY. An armed forces unit of the USSR. Formed in October 1939 as a part of the Leningrad Air Defence Force. On 22 June 1941, it was located on the frontier along the Neman River, and included the 10th and 11th Infantry corps
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23rd Army
23RD ARMY. Formed in May 1941 in Leningrad, consisting of the 19th and 50th Infantry corps, the 10th Mechanics Corps, the 27th and 28th Regional reinforcements and other units and detachments
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42nd Army
42ND ARMY. An armed forces unit of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45. Formed in August 1941 on the Leningrad Front. Comprised of the 2nd and 3rd Guards divisions of the People's Volunteer Militia, the 6th Marine Brigade
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55th Army
55TH ARMY. An armed forces unit of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45. Formed in late August 1941 on the Leningrad Front to defend enemy approaches to Leningrad from the south (in the regions of Pavlovsk, Kolpino
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Admiral Kuznetsov Naval Academy
ADMIRAL KUZNETSOV NAVAL ACADEMY (NA) (73/1 Vyborgskaya Embankment). Established in April, 1919, on the basis of Nikolaevsky Marine Academy for preparing command and command-engineering personnel for the Soviet Navy
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Admiral Makarov Sea Academy
ADMIRAL MAKAROV SEA ACADEMY (15a Kosaya Line) is a higher civil marine educational institution. Started as the Nautical Classes of St. Petersburg River Yacht Club, which were founded in 1876
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Admiralty Shipyard
ADMIRALTY SHIPYARD, the first ship-building enterprise in St. Petersburg lay down on the left bank of the Bolshaya Neva on 5 November 1704 at the same time as the Admiralty, with chief commandant Y. V. Bruce as the construction manager
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Air Corps Aerodrome
AIR CORPS AERODROME, set up in 1910 in the south part of St. Petersburg, between Baltiiskaya and Varshavskaya Railway Lines, in the area of the present Blagodatnaya Street and Pobedy Street
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Air Defence (PVO)
AIR DEFENCE (PVO), a series of measures and units to protect the city from air raids. Not long after the USSR Air Defence System was created in the 1930s, the Leningrad Air Defence Force was formed
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Air-Raid Shelters of 1941-44
AIR-RAID SHELTERS. Specially equipped structures protecting the city's population against enemy bombardment and air raids. On the eve of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45, Leningrad had few air-raid shelters, which were intended primarily for Party
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Alexander Military Law Academy
ALEXANDER MILITARY LAW ACADEMY (AMLA), advanced military educational institution. It prepared officers for military court department. It was founded in 1866, as part of classes for officers at the Auditing School (created in 1832)
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Amosov I.A. (1800-1878), naval engineer, general
AMOSOV Ivan Afanasyevich (1800-78, St. Petersburg), naval engineer, Engineer General (1872). Graduated from the School of Naval Architecture (1817). In 1833-53 worked at the Okhtinsky Admiralty Shipyard, where he built a number of fighting ships
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Anti-aircraft balloons
ANTI-AIRCRAFT BALOONS, unmanned aerial vehicles, hydrogen-filled canvas spheres, used as antiaircraft defence in June-November 1941 and from February 1942. The balloons were launched during an air raid, reaching as high as 100-250 m
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Apraksin F.M., (1661-1728), Admiral
APRAKSIN Fedor Matveevich (1661-1728), Count (1709), General Admiral (1708), statesman and military officer, associate of Tsar Peter the Great. Brother of P.M. Apraksin and Tsarina Marfa, wife of Tsar Fedor Alexeevich
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Apraksin P.M. (1659-1728), statesman
APRAKSIN Peter Matveevich (1659-1728), count (from 1710), statesman, acting secret councillor (1725), brother of F.M. Apraksin. In 1698-1708, he was a Novgorod Voevode (military commander)
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Arakcheev A.A. (1769-1834), statesman
ARAKCHEEV Alexey Andreevich (1769-1834), count (1799), statesman and military commander, artillery general (1807). Graduated from the Artillery Engineering Gentry Cadet Corps in St
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Arsenals (general article)
ARSENALS, establishments for storing and repairing weapons and ammunition, as well as buildings meant for such use. The first arsenals in St. Petersburg (Zeughaus) were built in 1703-05 in St Peter and Paul Fortress and the Admiralty Fortress
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Artillery and Engineer Schools of the 18th Century (entry)
ARTILLERY AND ENGINEERING SCHOOLS OF THE 18TH CENTURY were the military educational institutions for artillery and engineer officers. The Engineering School was founded in 1719
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Artillery Bombardments of 1941-44
ARTILLERY BOMBARDMENTS OF 1941-44, conducted by long-range German artillery in order to destroy Leningrad's industrial and military facilities, and to spread panic among its population during the siege of 1941-1944
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Assignment of Recruits
ASSIGNMENT OF RECRUITS, ceremony of assignment of recruits to guards regiments, introduced by emperor Nicholas I, was held annually 4-6 times during autumn in the Mikhailovsky Manege (Riding Academy) personally by the Emperor or guards corps
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Ataman Life Guards Regiment
ATAMAN LIFE GUARDS REGIMENT (from 1878 – of His Highness the Crown Prince (tsesarevich), formed in 1775 numbering 500 servicemen as the Ataman Regiment of the Don Army, in 1803 reorganised as a 1000-men formation
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Aurora, cruiser
AURORA first rank cruiser was founded in 1897 at the New Admiralty dockyard, and became part of the Baltic Fleet in 1903. It weighed over 6,700 tons (in 1917 - 7
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Badaev Storage
BADAEV STORAGE, supply stores named after A.E. Badaev (5 Kievskaya Street), a number of wooden storage houses built in 1914 by the first-guild merchant Rasteryaev on an area of 27 hectares
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Baltic Fleet
BALTIC FLEET, consolidation of the naval forces of Russia - USSR - Russian Federation, based on the Baltic Sea. Built up by Tsar Peter I during the Northern War of 1700-21
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Barclay de Tolli M.B. (1757-1818), military commander, Field Marshal-General
BARCLAY DE TOLLI Mikhail Bogdanovt (Michael Andreas) (1757-1818), prince (1815), military leader and field marshal general (1814). From 1776 served with the Russian Army, took part in wars against Turkey (1787-91) and Sweden (1788-90 and 1808-09)
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Battle for Leningrad, 1941-44
BATTLE FOR LENINGRAD, military operations defending Leningrad against German and Finnish troops in 1941-44 during the Great Patriotic War. The battle started on 10 July 1941, when German troops approached the line of the rivers Narva, Luga
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Bellinsgauzen F.F. (1778-1852), navigator
BELLINSGAUZEN Faddey Fadeevich (1778-1852, Kronstadt), navigator, Admiral (1843). In 1797 graduated from the Naval Cadet School (17 Lieutenant Schmidt Embankment; memorial plaque); served in the Baltic Fleet
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Benckendorff A. K. (1781-1844), statesman
BENCKENDORFF (v. Benckendorff) Alexander Khristoforovich (Konstantin Alexander Karl Wilhelm Christopher) (1781, St. Petersburg 1844), Count (1832), statesman and military officer, Infantry General, Cavalry General (1829), honorary member of the St
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Bering V.I., (1681-1741),navigator
BERING Vitus Ionassen (1681-1741), navigator, Commandor Captain (1730), originally from Denmark. From 1704 signed up for the Russian Fleet, served in the Baltic and Azov fleets. After retirement (1724) was summoned by Peter the Great to St
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